Ukuqonda igama elithi Reverse Osmosis, kufuneka sijonge emva kwimbali yeOsmosis kwicandelo lesayensi. Inkqubo ye-Osmosis, inembali ende kodwa ngokwembono yesayensi, yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1748 nguJeanAntoine Nollet. I-Nollet ikwazile ukuphinda-phinda inkqubo ye-osmotic isebenzisa isinyi sehagu njengenwebu yokubonisa ukuba iimolekyuli ezinyibilikayo ezisuka kumanzi anyibilikisiweyo aphantsi zinokuhamba kudonga lwesinyi kwindawo ephezulu yoxinzelelo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba i-solvent inokukhetha ukuwela i-membrane e-semipermeable ngenkqubo yoxinzelelo lwendalo lwe-osmotic kwaye i-solvent iqhubeka ingena kwi-membrane yeseli ide ifikelele kwi-equilibrium eguquguqukayo kumacala omabini eseli.
Emva kokufunyanwa kwe-osmosis, uphononongo malunga nalo mbandela lwanyamalala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200 de kwasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940, xa abaphandi baqala ukuphinda bawuqwalasele lo mbandela. Lo mdla uhlaziyiweyo wawusekelwe kumnqweno wokufumana indlela yokucoca okanye ukukhupha ityuwa emanzini olwandle, injongo ebekwe ngulawulo lweKennedy ukunceda ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zokunqongophala kwamanzi kwilizwe. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, abaphandi ababini, uSidney Loeb kunye noSrinivasa Sourirajan baphumelele ukuvelisa inwebu esebenzayo yokwenziwa kwe-RO kwipolymer ye-cellulose acetate. Kwiimvavanyo zabo, umzimba wamanzi onomxholo ophezulu we-solute wanyanzeliswa nge-membrane yezobugcisa esebenza njengesihlungi esivumela kuphela i-molecule yamanzi ukuba idlule ngelixa igxotha i-NaCl (ityuwa) kunye ne-TDS. Amanzi ahlambulukileyo akwazi ukudlula kwinqanaba elihloniphekileyo ukuvelisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo, ahlambulukileyo, kwaye i-membrane yayiqinile ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
Isityalo sokuqala se-RO sorhwebo sehlabathi sakhiwe eCalifornia ngoncedo kunye nolwalathiso lukaJoseph W. McCutchan kunye noSidney Loeb kwaye ngo-1965 inkqubo yovavanyo lwayo yatsala ingqalelo yeenjineli kunye noorhulumente abavela kwihlabathi jikelele. Eli phupha lingakholelekiyo, lokuba ngenye imini uluntu lunokukhupha ityuwa kumanzi olwandle ngomlinganiselo omkhulu nangokufikelelekayo, ekugqibeleni lazaliseka. Inkqubela phambili yakhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko iinkqubo ezintsha zokulinga zavela kwenye indawo njengeLa Jolla kunye neFirebaugh California ukuvavanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi anebrackish kunye nolwandle. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokufunyaniswa kwezi kunye nabanye abaninzi abanegalelo kuya kwenza itekhnoloji ye-membrane isebenze kwaye ifikeleleke kwaye ibonelele ngezibonelelo zamanzi acocekileyo kumashishini amaninzi anzima.
Namhlanje, i-osmosis ebuyela umva kunye nezinto zokuhluza i-membrane zisetyenziselwa amawaka eenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela kwaye eli shishini kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke likhula ngokuqhubekayo kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Njengoko imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo endalo inqaba ngakumbi kunye nomkhwa oqhubekayo wokutshabalala kwehlabathi, amaziko amakhulu okulungisa i-osmosis ngoku abonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo asetyenziswa zezinye izixeko kunye namazwe amancinci. Uninzi lwabantu aluyiqondi ngoku, kodwa kungekudala amanzi acocekileyo anokuthi abe yenye yezona zixhobo zixabisekileyo emhlabeni, yiyo loo nto iteknoloji ye-RO ngenene yenye yeempumelelo zenzululwazi kwimbali yoluntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2021