Kugira ngo twumve ijambo Reverse Osmose, dukeneye gusubiza amaso inyuma tukareba amateka ya Osmose mubijyanye na siyanse. Inzira Osmose, ifite amateka maremare ariko ukurikije siyanse, yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1748 na JeanAntoine Nollet. Nollet yashoboye kwigana inzira ya osmotic ikoresheje uruhago rwingurube nka membrane kugirango yerekane ko molekile zishonga ziva mumazi make ashobora gutembera murukuta rwuruhago rwinshi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umusemburo ushobora guhitamo kwambukiranya igice cya kabiri cyumuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko ukabije wa osmotic kandi ko umusemburo uhora winjira mumyanya ndangagitsina kugeza ugeze kuringaniza imbaraga kumpande zombi.
Nyuma yo kuvumbura osmose, ubushakashatsi kuri iyo ngingo bwazimye mu myaka irenga 200 kugeza mu mpera za 1940, igihe abashakashatsi batangiraga gutekereza kuri iyo ngingo. Izi nyungu zongeye gushingira ku cyifuzo cyo gushaka uburyo bwo kuyungurura cyangwa gutesha amazi amazi yo mu nyanja, intego yashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bwa Kennedy mu rwego rwo gufasha guteza imbere igisubizo cy’ibura ry’amazi mu gihugu. Nyuma yimyaka 20, abashakashatsi babiri, Sidney Loeb na Srinivasa Sourirajan bashoboye kubyara membrane ikora ya RO ikora muri polymer ya acetate ya selile. Mu bizamini byabo, umubiri wamazi afite ibintu byinshi byashizwemo imbaraga byanyujijwe muri membrane ya tekiniki yakoraga nkayunguruzo yemerera gusa molekile zamazi kunyura mugihe zanze NaCl (umunyu) na TDS. Amazi meza yashoboye kunyura ku kigero cyiza kugirango atange amazi meza, meza, kandi ururenda rwaramba neza kandi rushobora gukora mugihe cyamazi asanzwe kandi ikora.
Uruganda rwa mbere rw’ubucuruzi RO ku isi rwubatswe muri Californiya hifashishijwe icyerekezo cya Joseph W. McCutchan na Sidney Loeb maze mu 1965 gahunda y’icyitegererezo ikurura ba injeniyeri na guverinoma baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Izi nzozi zidasanzwe, ko umunsi umwe ikiremwamuntu gishobora kuvanaho amazi yinyanja murwego runini kandi bihendutse, amaherezo cyabaye impamo. Iterambere ryakuze vuba mugihe gahunda nshya zicyitegererezo zagaragaye ahandi nka La Jolla na Firebaugh California kugirango bagerageze ubwoko butandukanye bwamazi ninyanja. Udushya nubuvumbuzi bwaba nabandi benshi batanga umusanzu byatuma ikoranabuhanga rya membrane rifite akamaro kandi rihendutse kandi ritanga inyungu zamazi meza mubikorwa byinshi biremereye.
Uyu munsi, revers osmose hamwe na membrane filtration yibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikorwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bitandukanye hamwe na porogaramu ku isi kandi biteganijwe ko inganda zizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe cya vuba. Hamwe n’amasoko y’amazi meza asukuye kandi akaba akomeje kugaragara mu butayu ku isi, inganda nini zitunganya osmose zitanga amazi menshi akoreshwa n’imijyi imwe n'imwe ndetse n'ibihugu bito. Abantu benshi ntibabimenya ubungubu, ariko mugihe cya vuba amazi meza arashobora guhinduka vuba mumitungo ifite agaciro kwisi niyo mpamvu ikoranabuhanga rya RO mubyukuri arimwe mubintu byambere byagezweho mubumenyi mumateka yabantu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2021