No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo Reverse Osmosis, pono mākou e nānā i hope i ka mōʻaukala o Osmosis ma ke kahua ʻepekema. ʻO ke kaʻina hana Osmosis, he moʻolelo lōʻihi akā mai ka ʻike ʻepekema, ua ʻike mua ʻia ma 1748 e JeanAntoine Nollet. Ua hiki iā Nollet ke hana hou i ke kaʻina hana osmotic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka puaʻa ma ke ʻano he membrane e hōʻike i ka hiki ke kahe ʻana o nā molekole solvent mai ka wai solute haʻahaʻa ma o ka pā o ka ʻōpū ma kahi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka solute. Ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua e hiki i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ke hele maʻalahi i kahi membrane semipermeable ma ke kaʻina o ke kaomi osmotic maoli a komo mau ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka membrane cell a hiki i kahi equilibrium ikaika ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kelepona.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka osmosis, ua nalowale ke aʻo ʻana i ke kumuhana no nā makahiki 200 a hiki i ka hopena o 1940s, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā mea noiʻi e noʻonoʻo hou i ke kumuhana. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hoihoi hou ma muli o ka makemake e ʻimi i kahi ala e kānana aiʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai kai, kahi pahuhopu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka hoʻokele Kennedy e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana wai no ka ʻāina. He iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lanakila ʻelua mau mea noiʻi, ʻo Sidney Loeb lāua ʻo Srinivasa Sourirajan i ka hana ʻana i kahi membrane RO synthetic hana mai kahi polymer o cellulose acetate. I kā lākou hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua koi ʻia kahi kino wai me kahi mea solute kiʻekiʻe ma o ka membrane ʻenehana i hana ma ke ʻano he kānana e ʻae wale ai i nā molekala wai e hele i ka wā e hoʻolei ana iā NaCl (paʻakai) a me TDS. Hiki i ka wai maʻemaʻe ke hele ma kahi kūpono e hana i ka wai maʻemaʻe, wai inu, a ua paʻa ka membrane a hiki ke hana ma lalo o ke kaomi wai maʻamau a me nā kūlana hana.
Ua kūkulu ʻia ka mea kanu RO ʻoihana mua o ka honua ma Kaleponi me ke kōkua a me ke alakaʻi ʻana a Joseph W. McCutchan lāua ʻo Sidney Loeb a i ka makahiki 1965 ua huki ʻia kāna papahana hoʻokele i ka manaʻo o nā ʻenekinia a me nā aupuni mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua. ʻO kēia moeʻuhane kupaianaha, i kekahi lā hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻopau i ka wai kai ma ka nui a me ka hiki ke loaʻa. Ua ulu wikiwiki ka holomua i ka puka ʻana o nā papahana hoʻokele hou ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe e like me La Jolla a me Firebaugh California e hoʻāʻo i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāʻī a me ka wai kai. ʻO nā mea hou a me nā ʻike o kēia mau mea a me nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe e hoʻolilo i ka ʻenehana membrane i kūpono a kūpono hoʻi a hāʻawi i nā pono wai maʻemaʻe no nā ʻoihana kaumaha.
I kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia ka reverse osmosis a me nā mea kānana membrane no nā tausani o nā kaʻina hana like ʻole a me nā noi a puni ka honua a ke manaʻo nei e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o kēia ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Me ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā kumu wai maʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka desertification honua, ʻo nā mea kanu hoʻoheheʻe reverse osmosis nui i kēia manawa e hāʻawi i ka nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi mau kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kēia manawa, akā i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo koke ka wai maʻemaʻe i kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui loa o ka honua a no laila ʻo ka ʻenehana RO kekahi o nā hana ʻepekema kiʻekiʻe i ka mōʻaukala kanaka.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-02-2021