Ugutyulo lwenyukliya alulingani nenkunkuma yenyukliya, amanzi, ugutyulo lwenyukliya luyingozi ngakumbi, kuqukwa ne-tritium, kuqukwa neentlobo ezingama-64 zezixhobo zenyukliya ze-radioactive. Emva kokuba amanzi angcolisekileyo enyukliya engene kwimo engqongileyo yaseLwandle, iqala ithuthwa yimisinga yolwandle kwaye iya kunabela kwiilwandle ezahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza, iya kuqhubeka ihanjiswa nge-ecosystem ye-Marine, efana nokusasazwa kwekhonkco lokutya, kwaye inokungena emzimbeni womntu ngokutya koluntu lwaselwandle, ngaloo ndlela izisa iimpembelelo ezithile ezinokubakho kwi-ecosystem yaseLwandle okanye impilo yabantu. Ngokohlolo lwangaphambili lwengozi yenyukliya yaseFukushima, uninzi losulelo luya kuhambela empuma kwaye lunqumle uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Inxalenye encinci yezi zinto zingcolisayo ziya kungena kumzantsi-ntshona ngePac esentshona i-fic inwebu yamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo kumanzi amdaka enyukliya zinemitha eyingozi kakhulu kwaye iimpawu zazo ezibonakalayo zizinzile kakhulu, unyango lwangoku lwamanzi amdaka enyukliya kukugxininiswa kwezixhobo zokusasazeka ngemitha ngeendlela ezithile zobuchwephesha, kwaye emva koko kukhuphe ulwelo oluyinkunkuma oluhlangabezana nomgangatho wokusasazeka kwemitha.
Okwangoku, iindlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka enyukliya ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
(1)Indlela yemvula: Indlela yokuna kwemvula kukongeza i-arhente yokuwa kwemvula kumanzi amdaka enyukliya, kunye nentshukumo yokuhlangana kwemvula yokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neelekhmenti ze-radioactive kwi-arhente yokuwisa isetyenziselwa ukuphumeza injongo yokunciphisa umxholo wezinto ezinemitha ye-radioactive kumanzi amdaka enyukliya. Okwangoku, iindawo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso ziquka i-aluminiyam kunye ne-iron precipitants, i-lime soda precipitants kunye ne-phosphate precipitants.
(2)Indlela ye-Adsorption: Indlela ye-Adsorption yindlela yokusebenzisa i-adsorbents kwi-adsorb elements ye-radioactive, eyona ndlela yonyango lomzimba. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-pore ephuhlisiwe kunye nommandla omkhulu wendawo ethile, i-adsorbent inomthamo oqinileyo wokubhengeza. Okwangoku, i-adsorbents esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-activated carbon, i-zeolite kunye nokunye.
(3)Indlela yokutshintsha i-ion: Umthetho-siseko wendlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion kukusebenzisa abatshintshi be-ion ukwenza utshintshiselwano lwe-ion kunye namanzi amdaka enyukliya, ukuze kususwe utshintshiselwano nge-ion ene-radioactive kumanzi amdaka enyukliya. Ii-ion ze-radioactive eziqulethwe kumanzi amdaka enyukliya ubukhulu becala ziications, ngoko ke amaqela asebenzayo ahlawuliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ion exchanger anokutshintshwa ngeecations ze-radioactive, kwaye ii-ion ze-radioactive zinokutshintshwa zibe ngumtshintshisi. Utshintshiselwano lwe-ion oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo lwahlulwe lwaba ngamacandelo amabini atshintshiselana nge-organic kunye ne-inorganic ion, i-organic ion exchangers ikakhulu ziiresin ezahlukeneyo zokutshintshiselana nge-ion, abatshintshi be-ion be-ion yi-artificial zeolite, ivermiculite njalo njalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2023