Uhluzo oluncinci (MF)
Ukuchaneka kokucoca kuphakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-50 microns. Uhluzo lwe-Micro lubandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo zokucoca i-PP, izakhi zokucoca i-carbon esebenzayo, i-ceramic filter elements, njalo njalo. Isusa izinto ezinobungozi emanzini, njenge-microorganisms. Into yokucoca ayisoloko ihlambeka kwaye sisixhobo sokucoca ixesha elinye ekufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo.
①PP iCotton core: isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphela ukuhluza okurhabaxa kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zokususa amasuntswana amakhulu anje ngentlenga kunye nomhlwa emanzini.
②Ikhabhoni esebenzayo: Iyakwazi ukuphelisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nevumba emanzini, kodwa ayikwazi ukususa ibhaktheriya emanzini, kwaye umphumo wokususwa kwentlenga kunye nomhlwa nawo ubi kakhulu.
③Isici sokucoca iCeramic: Ukuchaneka okuncinci kokucoca yi-0.1 micron kuphela, kwaye isantya sokuhamba sihlala sincinci, okungekho lula ukusicoca.
I-Ultra-filtration Membrane (UF)
I-membrane yokucoca i-microporous inomlinganiselo olinganisiweyo we-pore we-microns we-0.001-0.02 kunye nemigangatho yobukhulu obufanayo. Ukuhluzwa kwe-membrane ye-Ultra yinkqubo yokucoca i-membrane esebenzisa i-membrane ye-Ultra-filtration kunye nokwahlukana koxinzelelo njengamandla okuqhuba. Uninzi lweembrane ze-ultrafiltration zakhiwe nge-acetate fibers okanye izinto ze-polymer ezineempawu ezifanayo. Kufanelekile ukuhlukana kunye nokugxininiswa kwe-solutes kwizisombululo zonyango, kwaye iphinda isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuhlukana kwe-colloidal suspensions okunzima ukugqiba ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokwahlula, kwaye imimandla yesicelo sayo ikhula ngokuqhubekayo.
I-Membrane ultrafiltration esekelwe kumahluko woxinzelelo ihlelwa kwiintlobo ezintathu: i-ultrafiltration membrane filtration, i-microporous membrane filtration, kunye ne-reverse osmosis filtration. Ziyahlula ngobungakanani bamasuntswana amancinci okanye ubunzima bemolekyuli ukuba umaleko we-membrane unokugcina. Xa ubungakanani be-pore obulinganisiweyo be-membrane busetyenziswa njengomgangatho wokuhlukanisa, i-membrane ye-microporous (MF) inomlinganiselo we-pore olinganisiweyo we-0.02-10 m, i-membrane ye-ultra-filtration (UF) inomlinganiselo we-pore we-0.001-0.02 m, kunye ne-reverse osmosis membrane (RO.0000000. Kukho izinto ezininzi zokulawula ii-pores, ezinje nge-ultra-filtration membranes ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo bepore, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bepore kunokuveliswa ngokusekwe kuhlobo kunye nokuxinana kwesisombululo, kunye neemeko zokuphuma komphunga kunye nokuhlangana ngexesha lemveliso ye-membrane.
Ukuhluza kakhulu imephu ebonakalayo
Iimbrane ze-Ultra-filtration zidla ngokuba ziimembrane zokwahlula i-polymer, kunye nemathiriyeli yepolymer esetyenziselwa i-ultra-filtration inwebu ubukhulu becala ibandakanya izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose, i-polysulfone, i-polyacrylonitrile, i-polyamide, kunye ne-polycarbonate. I-Ultra-filtration membranes isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumayeza, ukutya, kunye namashishini okusingqongileyo, kwaye inokwakheka ibe ziimbumba ezisicaba, ii-roll membranes, ii-tubular membranes, okanye ii-fiber membranes ezingenanto.
I-membrane yokucoca i-ultra-filtration yayiyenye yeembrane zokuqala zokwahlula i-polymer eziza kuveliswa, kunye noomatshini bokucoca be-ultra-filtration benziwa ngo-1960. Iimbumba ze-Ultrafiltration zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini kwaye ziye zavela njengeyunithi entsha yokusebenza kweekhemikhali. Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula, ukugxininiswa, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweemveliso zebhayoloji, iimpahla zamachiza, kunye nezinto zokutya, kunye nezixhobo zonyango lwe-terminal kunyango lwegazi, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye nokulungiswa kwamanzi e-ultrapur.
Ukuchaneka kokucoca kwe-nanofiltration (NF) kuphakathi kwe-ultrafiltration kunye ne-osmosis ebuyela umva, kwaye izinga lokukhupha ityuwa lingaphantsi kunelo lokubuyela umva i-osmosis. Kwimarike, kwakukho intetho ebanzi: i-nanofiltration yi-sloppy reverse osmosis. Ngokwenyani, lo ngumbono wobugcisa okhohlisayo.
Imephu ebonakalayo ye-nanofiltration
Kwingqiqo yokwahlula okwenyani, i-nanofiltration yi-membrane yokucoca eyanelisa umphumo we-Daunan kwaye ine-ion rejection ekhethiweyo, i-membrane ene-sodium chloride permeability ilingana ne-concentration ye-sodium chloride kwaye ingaphezulu kwe-0.4. Usetyenziso lwayo oluphambili kukukhupha ityuwa kunye nokuxinana kolwelo olwahlukeneyo lwegalelo. I-0% ye-NaCl yokulahlwa ibonwa kusetyenziswa i-nanofiltration membranes kwi-30,000 ppm i-NaCl edibeneyo kunye nezinye i-ion.
Reverse osmosis (RO): Ukuchaneka kokucoca kujikeleze i-0.0001 microns, kwaye yindlela yokwahlula i-membrane ephezulu kakhulu echanekileyo eyaphuhliswa e-United States ekuqaleni kwe-1960 isebenzisa uxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo. Inokuhluza zonke izinto ezingcolisayo (zombini eziyingozi kwaye ziluncedo) emanzini, zishiya iimolekyuli zamanzi kuphela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isetyenziswa ekuveliseni amanzi acocekileyo, amanzi angaphezulu kwemveliso, kunye namanzi ezonyango. Uxinzelelo kunye namandla ziyafuneka kwitekhnoloji ye-osmosis eguqukayo.
RO sisishunqulelo seReverse Osmosis inwebu ngesiNgesi. Ekubeni ubukhulu be-pore ye-RO inwebu buzizigidi ezihlanu zeenwele (i-0.0001 microns), ngokuqhelekileyo ayibonakali ngeso lenyama, kunye neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zayo 5000 Ngoko ke, iimolekyuli zamanzi kuphela kunye ne-ion ye-mineral eluncedo kumzimba womntu inokudlula, kunye nokunye ukungcola kunye neentsimbi ezinzima zikhutshwa kumbhobho wamanzi amdaka.
Umgaqo we-osmosis ebuyela umva:
Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde ingcamango ye "osmosis". I-Osmosis yinkqubo yomzimba. Xa iindidi ezimbini zamanzi aneetyuwa ezahlukeneyo zahluliwe, ezifana nesithintelo esingena lula, amanzi akwicala elinetyuwa encinci aya kufunyanwa ukuba agqobhoze. I-membrane ingena emanzini ngomxholo wetyuwa eninzi, kodwa ityuwa ayifaki, ibangela ukuba ityuwa kumacala omabini idibanise ngokuqhubekayo de ilingane. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-osmotic pressure.
Reverse osmosis imephu ebonakalayo
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzama ukubeka uxinzelelo kwicala lamanzi kunye nesiqulatho esikhulu setyuwa, isiphumo sinokunciphisa ukungenwa okukhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye olu xinzelelo lwaziwa njengoxinzelelo lwe-osmotic. Ukuba uxinzelelo luphakanyisiwe, ukungena ngaphakathi kunokuguqulwa, kwaye ityuwa iya kuhlala. Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo wokubuyisela i-osmosis desalination kukusebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kunoxinzelelo lwendalo lwe-osmotic kumanzi anetyuwa (njengamanzi akrwada), ukuze i-osmosis iqhubekele kwelinye icala, kwaye iimolekyuli zamanzi kumanzi akrwada zicinezelwe kwelinye icala lenwebu, okukhokelela kumanzi acocekileyo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokususa ukungcola kunye neetyuwa.
Imvelaphi ye-RO reverse osmosis:
Isazinzulu saseMerika, esafunyanwa ngengozi ngowe-1950 ukuba amangabangaba afunxa umlomo omkhulu wamanzi olwandle phezu kolwandle xa ebhabha elwandle. Bagabha intwana yamanzi olwandle emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, nto leyo yabangela inkxalabo kuba izilwanyana ezisemhlabeni ziphefumla ngemiphunga yazo. Amanzi anetyuwa eninzi akanakutyiwa. Emva kokuqhekeka, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umzimba wengabangaba unomaleko obhityileyo. Ifilimu ichanekile ngokwenene. I-seagull ikhupha amanzi etyuwa, athi emva koko axinzelelwe, kwaye iimolekyuli zamanzi zidlula kwifilimu ngenxa yempembelelo yoxinzelelo.
Ijikwa ibe ngamanzi amatsha, kwaye izinto ezingcolisayo kunye netyuwa exananazileyo kumanzi olwandle ziyatshicelwa ziphume emlonyeni. Le yithiyori esisiseko yenkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva, eyaqala ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokukhupha ityuwa ngo-1953 yiYunivesithi yaseFlorida. Dr.S.Sidney Lode, UCLA University School of Medicine unjingalwazi, usebenzisane Dr.S.Soirirajan ukuqalisa uphando reverse osmosis inwebu ngo-2009, ngenkxaso yeprojekthi karhulumente federal US, kwaye utyale malunga $400 yezigidi zeerandi US ngonyaka kuphando ukulisebenzisa koosomajukujuku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2022