Micro-filtration (MF)
Iko kusefa chaiko kunotangira pakati pe0.1 ne50 microns. Micro-filtration inosanganisira akasiyana PP mafirita zvinhu, activated kabhoni sefa zvinhu, ceramic sefa zvinhu, zvichingodaro. Inobvisa zvinhu zvine njodzi kubva mumvura, senge tupukanana. Iyo sefa chinhu kazhinji haigezeki uye inguva imwe chete sefa zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutsiviwa nguva nenguva.
①PP donje musimboti: kazhinji inongo shandiswa pakusefa yakaomarara ine yakaderera zvinodiwa kubvisa zvidimbu zvakakura senge sediment uye ngura mumvura.
②Activated carbon: Inogona kubvisa mavara akasiyana-siyana uye kunhuhwirira mumvura, asi haigoni kubvisa bhakitiriya mumvura, uye kubvisa kwesediment uye ngura zvakare kwakashata zvikuru.
③Ceramic filter element: Iyo diki yekusefa chaiko inongova 0.1 micron, uye chiyero chekuyerera chinowanzo diki, icho chisiri nyore kuchenesa.
Ultra-filtration Membrane (UF)
Iyo microporous filter membrane ine yakayerwa pore saizi renji ye 0.001-0.02 microns uye inopindirana pore saizi zviyero. Ultra-filtration membrane filtration is membrane filtration process inoshandisa Ultra-filtration membrane ine pressure musiyano sesimba rekutyaira. Iyo yakawanda yeultrafiltration membranes inogadzirwa neacetate fiber kana polymer zvinhu zvine hunhu hunofananidzwa. Izvo zvakakodzera kupatsanurwa uye kusangana kwe solutes mumhinduro dzekurapa, uye zvakare inowanzoshandiswa pakuparadzaniswa kwecolloidal suspensions iyo yakaoma kupedzisa kushandisa mamwe maitiro ekuparadzanisa, uye ayo mashandisirwo domains ari kuramba achikura.
Membrane ultrafiltration yakavakirwa pamusiyano wekumanikidzwa inoiswa mumhando nhatu: ultrafiltration membrane filtration, microporous membrane filtration, uye reverse osmosis membrane filtration. Iwo anosiyaniswa nediki diki saizi kana molecular huremu iyo membrane layer inogona kuchengetedza. Kana iyo yakarongerwa pore saizi ye membrane inoshandiswa seyero inosiyanisa, iyo microporous membrane (MF) ine yakayerwa pore saizi renji ye 0.02-10 m, iyo yekupedzisira-sefa membrane (UF) ine yakarongerwa pore saizi ye0.001-0.02 m, uye reverse osmosis membrane (RO000000000000 m1000000. Kune akati wandei ekudzora zvinhu zvepores, senge ekupedzisira-sefa membranes ane akasiyana pore saizi, uye pore saizi yekugovera inogona kugadzirwa zvichienderana nerudzi uye kusungirirwa kwemhinduro, pamwe nekubuda uye coagulation mamiriro panguva yekugadzira membrane.
Ultra-filtration yemuviri mepu
Ultra-filtration membranes anowanzo kuve polymer kupatsanurwa membrane, iine zvinhu zvepolymer zvinoshandiswa kune ekupedzisira-kusefa membranes anowanzo sanganisira cellulose derivatives, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, uye polycarbonate. Ultra-filtration membranes anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emishonga, chikafu, uye ezvakatipoteredza, uye anogona kuumbwa kuita flat membranes, roll membranes, tubular membranes, kana hollow fiber membranes.
Iyo yekupedzisira-sefa membrane yaive imwe yekutanga polymer yekuparadzanisa membranes kugadzirwa, uye ekupedzisira-sefa michina yakagadzirwa muma1960s. Ultrafiltration membranes anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri uye akabuda sechitsva chemakemikari unit oparesheni. Inoshandiswa mukuparadzanisa, kuisa pfungwa, uye kucheneswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu, mishonga yemishonga, uye zvokudya, pamwe chete nemichina yekurapa inopera mukurapa ropa, kushandiswa kwemvura yakasvibiswa, uye kugadzirwa kwemvura yakanyanyisa.
Iko kukwenenzverwa kwe nanofiltration (NF) iri pakati peiyo ye ultrafiltration uye iyo ye reverse osmosis, uye iyo desalination rate yakaderera pane iyo ye reverse osmosis. Mumusika, pakanga paine chirevo chakapararira: nanofiltration is sloppy reverse osmosis. Chaizvoizvo, iyi ipfungwa inonyengera yehunyanzvi.
Mepu yenyama ye nanofiltration
Mupfungwa yekuparadzanisa chaiyo, nanofiltration is a filter membrane inogutsa Daunan effect uye ine selective ion rejection, membrane ine sodium chloride permeability inoenzana ne sodium chloride concentration uye inopfuura 0.4. Mashandisirwo ayo ekutanga ndeekubvisa munyu uye kuwanda kwezvakasiyana zvekupinza zvinwiwa. 0% NaCl kurambwa yakacherechedzwa uchishandisa nanofiltration membranes pa 30,000 ppm NaCl yakasanganiswa nemamwe maion.
Reverse osmosis (RO): Kurongeka kwesefa kwakatenderedza 0.0001 microns, uye inzira yepamusoro-yepamusoro-chaiyo yekuparadzanisa membrane yakagadziridzwa muUnited States mukutanga 1960s ichishandisa mutsauko. Inogona kusefa zvinenge zvese zvinosvibisa (zvese zvinokuvadza uye zvinobatsira) mumvura, zvichisiya mamorekuru emvura chete. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inoshandiswa mukugadzira mvura yakachena, maindasitiri ekupedzisira mvura, uye yekurapa ultrapure mvura. Kudzvinyirira uye simba zvinodikanwa kune reverse osmosis tekinoroji.
RO ndiko kudimburirwa kweReverse Osmosis membrane muChirungu. Sezvo saizi yepore yeRO membrane inosvika mamirioni mashanu ebvudzi (0.0001 microns), kazhinji haionekwe neziso rakashama, uye mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi ndiwo ayo 5000 Naizvozvo, mamorekuru emvura chete uye mamwe mamineral ions anobatsira kumuviri wemunhu anogona kupfuura, uye zvimwe zvitsvina uye simbi inorema inoburitswa mupombi yemvura yakasviba.
Nheyo ye reverse osmosis:
Chokutanga uye chakakosha, tinofanira kunzwisisa pfungwa ye "osmosis." Osmosis chiitiko chemuviri. Kana marudzi maviri emvura ane munyu wakasiyana apatsanurwa, sekuti nepakati-inopindika, mvura iri padivi ine munyu mushoma inozowanikwa ichipinda. Iyo membrane inopinda mumvura ine munyu wakawanda, asi munyu haupindi, zvichiita kuti munyu wemunyu kumativi ose uende zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira waenzana. Nekudaro, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti upedze kuita uku, iyo inozivikanwawo seosmotic pressure.
Reverse osmosis mepu yemuviri
Nekudaro, kana ukaedza kuisa kudzvanya padivi remvura ine munyu wakakura, mhedzisiro yacho inogona zvakare kudzikisira kupinda kwataurwa, uye kudzvanywa uku kunozivikanwa seosmotic pressure. Kana kudzvinyirirwa kunosimudzwa, kupindira kunogona kuchinjwa, uye munyu uchagara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo musimboti we reverse osmosis desalination ndeyekuisa kumanikidza kwakakura kupfuura kwechisikigo osmotic kumanikidza mumvura ine munyu (semvura yakasvibirira), kuitira kuti osmosis ienderere kune yakatarisana, uye mamorekuru emvura ari mumvura mbishi anotsikirirwa kune rumwe rutivi rwe membrane, zvichikonzera mvura yakachena, kuitira kuzadzisa chinangwa chekubvisa tsvina kubva mumvura nemunyu.
Kwakabva RO reverse osmosis:
Mumwe musayendisiti wokuAmerica, akawanikwa netsaona muna 1950 kuti makudo akasveta mukanwa muhombe wemvura yomugungwa pamusoro pegungwa paaibhururuka mugungwa. Vakarutsa mukanwa memvura yegungwa mushure memasekondi mashoma, izvo zvakamutsa kunetseka nekuti mhuka dzepanyika dzinofema nemapapu adzo. Mvura ine munyu yakawanda haigoni kudyiwa. Mushure mekutsemura, zvakaonekwa kuti mutumbi wegull une nhete. Iyo firimu ndeyechokwadi chaizvo. Iyo seagull inhales mvura yemunyu, iyo inozomanikidzwa, uye mamorekuru emvura anopfuura nemufirimu nekuda kwekuita kwekumanikidza.
Inoshandurwa kuita mvura yakachena, uye zvinosvibisa nemunyu wakanyanya kunyura mumvura yegungwa zvinosvipirwa kubva mumuromo. Iyi ndiyo yakakosha theoretical inosimudzira reverse osmosis process, iyo yakatanga kushandiswa kumichina yekubvisa salination muna 1953 neYunivhesiti yeFlorida. Dr.S.Sidney Lode, purofesa weUCLA University School of Medicine, vakabatsirana naDr.S.Soirirajan kuti vatange tsvakiridzo yereverse osmosis membranes muna 2009, vachitsigirwa nechirongwa chehurumende yeUS, uye vakaisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana mana emadhora ekuAmerica pagore mutsvakurudzo kuti vashandise vazivi vemuchadenga.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-31-2022