Micro-filteri (MF)
Kurungurura neza biri hagati ya 0.1 na 50 microne. Micro-iyungurura ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bya PP muyunguruzi, ikora ya karubone iyungurura ibintu, ceramic filter filter, nibindi nibindi. Kuraho ibintu biteye akaga mumazi, nka mikorobe. Akayunguruzo Ibintu akenshi ntibishobora gukaraba kandi ni inshuro imwe yo kuyungurura bigomba gusimburwa muburyo busanzwe.
①PP yibanze ya pamba: mubisanzwe ikoreshwa gusa muyungurura ruto hamwe nibisabwa bike kugirango ikureho ibice binini nk'imyanda n'ingese mu mazi.
Carbone ikora karubone: Irashobora gukuraho amabara n'impumuro zitandukanye mumazi, ariko ntishobora gukuraho bagiteri ziri mumazi, kandi ingaruka zo gukuraho imyanda n'ingese nabyo ni bibi cyane.
EterIbikoresho byo muyunguruzi: Ikintu gito cyo kuyungurura ni 0.1 micron gusa, kandi umuvuduko wikigereranyo ni gito, ntabwo byoroshye kuyisukura.
Ultra-kuyungurura Membrane (UF)
Microporous filter filter ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.001-0.02 microne hamwe nubunini bwa pore ihoraho. Ultra-filteri ya membrane iyungurura ni inzira yo kuyungurura inzira ikoresha Ultra-filtration membrane ifite itandukaniro ryumuvuduko nkimbaraga zo gutwara. Ubwinshi bwa ultrafiltration membrane bwubatswe muri acetate fibre cyangwa ibikoresho bya polymer bifite ibimenyetso bisa. Birakwiye gutandukana no kwibanda kubisubizo mubisubizo byokuvura, kandi biranakoreshwa kenshi mugutandukanya ihagarikwa rya colloidal bigoye kurangiza ukoresheje ubundi buryo bwo gutandukana, kandi domaine zayo zikomeza kwiyongera.
Membrane ultrafiltration ishingiye ku itandukaniro ryumuvuduko ishyizwe mubwoko butatu: ultrafiltration membrane filtration, microporous membrane filtration, hamwe na osmose membrane iyungurura. Bitandukanijwe nubunini buke cyangwa uburemere bwa molekuline urwego rushobora kugumana. Iyo ubunini bwa pore buringaniye bwakoreshejwe nkibipimo bitandukanya, microporome membrane (MF) ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.02-10 m, ultra-filtration membrane (UF) ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.001-0.02 m, naho osose osmose (RO) ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.0001-0.001 m. Hariho ibintu byinshi bigenzura imyenge, nka ultra-filtration membrane ifite ubunini butandukanye bwa pore, kandi ingano ya pore irashobora kubyara hashingiwe kubwoko no kwibanda kumuti, hamwe no guhumeka hamwe na coagulation mugihe cyo kubyara.
Ikarita yumubiri
Ultra-filtration membrane mubisanzwe ni polymer itandukanya polymer, hamwe nibikoresho bya polymer byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi ya ultra-filtration ahanini bigizwe nibikomoka kuri selile, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, na polyakarubone. Ultra-filtration membrane ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya farumasi, ibiryo, ninganda zidukikije, kandi irashobora kubumbabumbwa mubice, ibizunguruka, ibibyimba, cyangwa fibre fibre.
Ultra-filtration membrane yari imwe mumyanya ya mbere yo gutandukanya polymer yatunganijwe, kandi imashini za ultra-filtration zakozwe mu myaka ya za 1960. Ultrafiltration membrane ikoreshwa cyane munganda kandi byagaragaye nkigikorwa gishya cyimiti. Ikoreshwa mugutandukanya, kwibanda, no kweza ibikomoka ku binyabuzima, ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bya farumasi, n’ibiribwa, hamwe n’ibikoresho bivura indwara mu gutunganya amaraso, gutunganya amazi y’amazi, no gutegura amazi ya ultrapure.
Akayunguruzo ka nanofiltration (NF) kari hagati ya ultrafiltration niy'inyuma ya osmose, kandi igipimo cya desalination kiri munsi yicy'inyuma ya osmose. Ku isoko, wasangaga abantu benshi bavuga ngo: nanofiltration ni sloppy reverse osmose. Mubyukuri, iki nigitekerezo cya tekiniki yibeshya.
Ikarita ifatika ya nanofiltration
Mubitekerezo byukuri byo gutandukana, nanofiltration ni filteri ya membrane ihaza ingaruka za Daunan kandi ikagira ion yanga, membrane ifite sodium chloride ya sodium ihwanye na sodium ya chloride kandi ikarenga 0.4. Ibyingenzi byibanze ni desalination hamwe nubunini bwamazi atandukanye yinjira. 0% NaCl kwangwa byagaragaye ukoresheje nanofiltration membrane kuri 30.000 ppm NaCl ihujwe nizindi ion.
Reverse osmose (RO): Ukuyungurura neza ni microni 0.0001, kandi nuburyo bwo gutandukanya ultra-high-precision membrane itandukanya muri Amerika mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 ikoresha igitutu gitandukanye. Irashobora gushungura hafi ya byose byanduye (byangiza kandi bifasha) mumazi, hasigara molekile zamazi gusa. Kenshi na kenshi, ikoreshwa mugukora amazi meza, amazi ya ultrapure yinganda, namazi ya ultrapure yubuvuzi. Imbaraga ningufu zirakenewe muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya osmose.
RO ni impfunyapfunyo ya Reverse Osmose membrane mucyongereza. Kubera ko ubunini bwa pore ya RO ari miriyoni eshanu zumusatsi (microne 0.0001), mubisanzwe ntibigaragara mumaso, na bagiteri na virusi ni 5000 yayo, Kubwibyo rero, molekile zamazi gusa na ion zimwe na zimwe za minerval zifasha umubiri wumuntu zirashobora kunyuramo, nibindi byanduye nibyuma biremereye bisohoka mumiyoboro yamazi.
Ihame rya osose ihinduka:
Mbere na mbere, tugomba gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cya “osmose.” Osmose ni inzira yumubiri. Iyo ubwoko bubiri bwamazi afite imyunyu itandukanye itandukanijwe, nka barrière ya kimwe cya kabiri, amazi kuruhande rwumunyu muke azaboneka. Ibibyimba byinjira mumazi arimo umunyu mwinshi, ariko umunyu ntucengera, bigatuma umunyu mwinshi kumpande zombi ugenda uhinduka buhoro buhoro kugeza bingana. Ariko, bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango urangize iki gikorwa, kizwi kandi nkumuvuduko wa osmotic.
Hindura ikarita yumubiri
Ariko, uramutse ugerageje gushyira igitutu kuruhande rwamazi arimo umunyu mwinshi, ingaruka zishobora no kugabanya kwinjirira hejuru, kandi uyu muvuduko uzwi nkumuvuduko wa osmotic. Niba umuvuduko uzamutse, gucengera birashobora guhinduka, kandi umunyu uzagumaho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ihame ryo gusubira inyuma kwa osmose ni ugukoresha umuvuduko urenze umuvuduko wa osmotique usanzwe mumazi yumunyu (nkamazi mbisi), kugirango osmose ikomeze muburyo bunyuranye, kandi molekile zamazi mumazi mbisi zanduzwa kurundi ruhande rwa membrane, bikavamo amazi meza, kugirango ugere kuntego yo gukuraho umwanda numunyu mumazi.
Inkomoko ya RO revers osmose:
Umuhanga w’umunyamerika, wabonetse ku bw'impanuka mu 1950 ko inyoni zo mu nyanja zonsa umunwa munini w’amazi yo mu nyanja hejuru y’inyanja igihe yagurukaga mu nyanja. Barutse umunwa muto wamazi yinyanja nyuma yamasegonda make, bitera impungenge kuko inyamaswa zo ku butaka zihumeka binyuze mu bihaha. Amazi yumunyu mwinshi ntashobora gukoreshwa. Nyuma yo gutandukana, byavumbuwe ko umubiri w'inyoni ufite igicucu gito. Filime rwose. Inyanja ihumeka amazi yumunyu, hanyuma igahagarikwa, hanyuma molekile zamazi zikanyura muri firime kubera ingaruka zumuvuduko.
Ihinduka amazi meza, kandi ibyanduye n'umunyu mwinshi cyane mumazi yinyanja biracibwa mumunwa. Ubu ni bwo shimikiro shingiro rya gahunda ya osmose ihindagurika, yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu bikoresho byo gusiga mu 1953 na kaminuza ya Florida. Dr.S.Sidney Lode, umwarimu w’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya kaminuza ya UCLA, yafatanyije na Dr.S.Soirirajan mu gutangira ubushakashatsi ku byerekeranye na osmose membrane mu 2009, babifashijwemo n’umushinga wa leta ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, maze bashora hafi miliyoni 400 z’amadolari y’Amerika ku mwaka mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo babukoreshe mu kirere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-31-2022