ʻO ka kānana liʻiliʻi (MF)
ʻO ka pololei kānana ma waena o 0.1 a me 50 microns. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka micro-filtration i nā mea kānana PP like ʻole, nā mea kānana kalapona i hana ʻia, nā mea kānana ceramic, a pēlā aku. Wehe i nā mea ʻino mai ka wai, e like me nā microorganism. ʻAʻole hiki ke holoi pinepine ʻia ka mea kānana a he mea kānana hoʻokahi manawa pono e hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa.
①PP pulupulu kumu: hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka kānana koʻikoʻi me nā koi haʻahaʻa e wehe i nā mea nui e like me ka sediment a me ka ʻōpala i ka wai.
②Ka kalapona i hana ʻia: Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole a me nā mea ʻala i loko o ka wai, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka bacteria i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka sediment a me ka ʻōpala he ʻilihune loa.
③Elemu kānana Ceramic: ʻO 0.1 micron wale nō ka pololei kānana liʻiliʻi, a he liʻiliʻi ka kahe kahe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Membrane kānana-nui (UF)
Loaʻa i kahi membrane kānana microporous ka nui o ka nui o ka pore o 0.001-0.02 microns a me nā kūlana nui o ka pore. ʻO ka kānana membrane ultra-filtration kahi kaʻina kānana membrane e hoʻohana ana i kahi membrane Ultra-filtration me ka ʻokoʻa puʻupuʻu e like me ka ikaika hoʻokele. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā membrane ultrafiltration i kūkulu ʻia me nā acetate fibers a i ʻole nā mea polymer me nā ʻano like. He kūpono ia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā solutes i nā hoʻonā lapaʻau, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā colloidal suspensions i paʻakikī e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, a ke ulu mau nei kāna mau kikowaena noi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ultrafiltration membrane e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa puʻe i ʻekolu mau ʻano: ka kānana membrane ultrafiltration, ka kānana membrane microporous, a me ka kānana membrane reverse osmosis. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke kaumaha molekala i mālama ʻia e ka papa membrane. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka pore nui o ka membrane e like me ke kūlana ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka microporous membrane (MF) ka nui o ka nui o ka pore i helu ʻia o 0.02-10 m, ʻo ka ultra-filtration membrane (UF) ka helu pore nui o 0.001-0.02 m, a ʻo ka reverse osmosis membrane (RO) loaʻa ka nui o ka nui o ka pore osmosis (RO) i ka nui o ka pore nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka pore. Aia kekahi mau mea hoʻomalu no nā pores, e like me nā membrane ultra-filtration me nā ʻano nui o ka pore, a hiki ke hoʻohua ʻia ka nui o ka pore ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena, a me nā kūlana evaporation a me ka coagulation i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka membrane.
ʻO ka palapala ʻāina kino ultra-filtration
ʻO nā membranes Ultra-filtration ka mea maʻamau i ka polymer separation membranes, me nā mea polymer i hoʻohana ʻia no nā membrane ultra-filtration ka nui o nā derivatives cellulose, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, a me polycarbonate. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ultra-filtration membranes i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai, a me nā ʻoihana kaiapuni, a hiki ke hana ʻia i mau membrane palahalaha, ʻōwili membrane, tubular membranes, a i ʻole nā membrane fiber hollow.
ʻO ka membrane ultra-filtration kekahi o nā membrane hoʻokaʻawale polymer mua i hana ʻia, a ua hana ʻia nā mīkini ultra-filtration i nā makahiki 1960. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā membrane Ultrafiltration i ka ʻoihana a ua puka mai ma ke ʻano he hana kemika hou. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana olaola, nā huahana pharmaceutical, a me nā mea ʻai, a me nā mea hana hoʻōla hope i ka mālama koko, ka wai ʻino, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wai ultrapure.
ʻO ka pololei kānana o ka nanofiltration (NF) aia ma waena o ka ultrafiltration a me ka osmosis reverse, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka desalination ma mua o ka osmosis reverse. Ma ka mākeke, ua laha ka ʻōlelo: ʻo ka nanofiltration he sloppy reverse osmosis. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he manaʻo loea hoʻopunipuni kēia.
Palapala kino o ka nanofiltration
Ma ka manaʻo hoʻokaʻawale maoli, ʻo ka nanofiltration kahi membrane kānana e hoʻopiha i ka hopena Daunan a loaʻa i ka ion rejection koho, he membrane nona ka sodium chloride permeability i kūlike me ka sodium chloride concentration a ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.4. ʻO kāna mau noi mua ʻo ka desalination a me ka ʻike ʻana o nā wai hoʻokomo like ʻole. ʻIke ʻia ka hōʻole ʻana o NaCl me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā membrane nanofiltration ma 30,000 ppm NaCl i hui pū ʻia me nā ion ʻē aʻe.
Reverse osmosis (RO): ʻO ka pololei kānana ma kahi o 0.0001 microns, a he hana hoʻokaʻawale membrane ultra-high-precision i kūkulu ʻia ma United States i nā makahiki 1960 mua e hoʻohana ana i ke kaomi ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā ia ke kānana i nā mea haumia a pau (nā mea ʻino a me nā mea kōkua) i loko o ka wai, e waiho wale ana i nā molekole wai. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe, ka wai ultrapure ʻoihana, a me ka wai ultrapure olakino. Pono ke kaomi a me ka ikehu no ka ʻenehana reverse osmosis.
ʻO RO ka pōkole o Reverse Osmosis membrane ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. No ka mea, ʻo ka nui o ka pore o ka RO membrane he ʻelima miliona o ka lauoho (0.0001 microns), ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, a ʻo ka bacteria a me nā maʻi virus kāna 5000 No laila, ʻo nā molekele wai wale nō a me nā iona mineral e pono ai ke kino o ke kanaka hiki ke hele, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea haumia a me nā metala kaumaha mai ka paipu wai ʻino.
ʻO ke kumu o ka reverse osmosis:
ʻO ka mea mua, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o "osmosis." He hana kino ka Osmosis. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano wai ʻelua me nā paʻakai like ʻole, e like me ka pale semi-permeable, e ʻike ʻia ka wai ma ka ʻaoʻao me ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakai. Komo ka membrane i loko o ka wai me ka nui o ka paʻakai, akā ʻaʻole paʻakai ka paʻakai, e hoʻokuʻi ana ka paʻakai ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a hiki i ka like. Eia naʻe, lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻopau ai i kēia kaʻina hana, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka osmotic pressure.
ʻO ka palapala ʻāina kino osmosis hoʻohuli
Eia nō naʻe, inā e hoʻāʻo ʻoe e kau i kahi kaomi ma ka ʻaoʻao wai me ka nui o ka paʻakai, hiki i ka hopena ke kaupalena i ke komo ʻana i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe, a ʻike ʻia kēia kaomi ʻo ka osmotic pressure. Inā hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke kaomi, hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka infiltration, a paʻa ka paʻakai. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ke kumu o ka reverse osmosis desalination ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kaomi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kaomi osmotic maoli i ka wai paʻakai (e like me ka wai maka), i hele ai ka osmosis i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, a ua kaomi ʻia nā mole wai i loko o ka wai maka i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka membrane, e hopena i ka wai maʻemaʻe, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka pahuhopu o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO ke kumu o ka RO reverse osmosis:
He kanaka ʻepekema ʻAmelika, ʻike ʻia ma ka ulia pōpilikia i ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻū nā manu i ka waha nui o ke kai mai ka ʻili o ke kai i ka wā e lele ana i ke kai. Ua luaʻi lākou i ka waha liʻiliʻi o ka wai kai ma hope o kekahi mau kekona, kahi i hāpai ai i ka hopohopo no ka hanu ʻana o nā holoholona ma ka ʻāina ma o ko lākou māmā. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka wai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻili lahilahi ko ke kino o ka manu. Pololei maoli ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hoʻomoʻa ka seagull i ka wai paʻakai, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope, a hele nā mole wai i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma muli o ka hopena o ke kaomi.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia i wai hou, a kuha ʻia mai ka waha nā mea haumia a me ka paʻakai paʻa loa i loko o ka wai kai. ʻO kēia ke kumu kumu kumu kumu o ke kaʻina osmosis reverse, i hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā lako desalination ma 1953 e ke Kulanui o Florida. Ua hui pū ʻo Dr.S.Sidney Lode, he UCLA University School of Medicine, me Dr.S.Soirirajan e hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā membrane reverse osmosis i ka makahiki 2009, me ke kākoʻo o kahi papahana aupuni pekelala o ʻAmelika, a ua hoʻolilo ma kahi o $400 miliona US kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka noiʻi e hoʻopili ai i nā astronauts.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-31-2022