Micro-filtration (MF)
Madaidaicin tacewa yana tsakanin 0.1 da 50 microns. Micro-filtration ya haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban na tace PP, abubuwan tace carbon da aka kunna, abubuwan tace yumbu, da sauransu. Yana kawar da abubuwa masu haɗari daga ruwa, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta. Nau'in tace sau da yawa baya wankewa kuma kayan tacewa ne na lokaci ɗaya wanda dole ne a maye gurbinsa akai-akai.
① PP auduga core: kullum kawai amfani da m tacewa tare da ƙananan bukatun don cire manyan barbashi kamar laka da tsatsa a cikin ruwa.
② Carbon da ake kunnawa: Yana iya kawar da launuka daban-daban da warin da ke cikin ruwa, amma ba zai iya cire kwayoyin cutar da ke cikin ruwa ba, kuma kawar da laka da tsatsa ma ba ta da kyau.
③Kayan tace yumbu: Ƙananan madaidaicin tacewa shine kawai 0.1 micron, kuma yawan kwararar ruwa yawanci karami ne, wanda ba shi da sauƙin tsaftacewa.
Ƙwaƙwalwar tacewa (UF)
A microporous tace membrane yana da kimar pore girman kewayon 0.001-0.02 microns da kuma daidaitattun daidaitattun girman pore. Matsarar tacewa ultra-filtration tsari ne na tacewa na membrane wanda ke amfani da membrane na tacewa mai ultra-filtration tare da bambancin matsa lamba azaman ƙarfin tuƙi. Yawancin membranes na ultrafiltration an gina su ne daga filayen acetate ko kayan polymer tare da halaye masu kama da juna. Ya dace da rarrabuwa da tattarawar solutes a cikin hanyoyin magancewa, kuma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don rabuwa da dakatarwar colloidal waɗanda ke da wahalar gamawa ta amfani da wasu dabarun rabuwa, kuma wuraren aikace-aikacen sa suna ci gaba da girma.
Ƙwararren ultrafiltration na membrane dangane da bambancin matsa lamba an rarraba shi zuwa nau'i uku: tacewa na ultrafiltration membrane, tacewa microporous membrane, da kuma juyawa osmosis membrane tacewa. An bambanta su da ƙananan girman ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko nauyin kwayoyin da Layer membrane zai iya kiyayewa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da kewayon girman girman girman membrane da aka yi amfani da shi azaman daidaitaccen ma'aunin 0.01-0.0 m, da kuma juyawa osmosis girma na 0.0001-0.0 m. Akwai abubuwa masu sarrafawa da yawa don pores, irin su ultra-filtration membranes tare da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, kuma ana iya haifar da rarraba girman pore bisa nau'i da kuma maida hankali na maganin, kazalika da yanayin ƙaura da coagulation yayin samar da membrane.
Taswirar zahirin tacewa
Matakan tacewa yawanci membranes na rabuwa na polymer ne, tare da kayan polymer da ake amfani da su don membranes masu tacewa galibi sun ƙunshi abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, da polycarbonate. Ana amfani da membranes na tacewa sosai a cikin magunguna, abinci, da masana'antar muhalli, kuma ana iya ƙirƙirar su zuwa lebur membranes, membranes na yi, tubular membranes, ko ɓangarorin fiber membranes.
Maɓallin tacewa na ultra-fitration yana ɗaya daga cikin membranes na rabuwa na polymer na farko da aka ƙirƙira, kuma an kera injunan tacewa a cikin 1960s. Ana amfani da membranes na ultrafiltration a cikin masana'antu kuma sun fito azaman sabon aikin naúrar sinadarai. Ana amfani da shi a cikin rarrabuwa, maida hankali, da tsarkakewa na samfuran halittu, samfuran magunguna, da kayan abinci, da na'urorin jiyya na ƙarshe a cikin jiyya na jini, jiyya na ruwa mai datti, da shirye-shiryen ruwa mai ƙarfi.
Matsakaicin tacewa na nanofiltration (NF) yana tsakanin na ultrafiltration da na baya osmosis, kuma adadin desalination yayi ƙasa da na baya osmosis. A cikin kasuwa, an yi wata magana mai yaɗuwa: nanofiltration is sloppy reverse osmosis. A haƙiƙa, wannan ra'ayin fasaha ne na yaudara.
Taswirar jiki na nanofiltration
A cikin ainihin ra'ayi na rabuwa, nanofiltration shine membrane mai tacewa wanda ya gamsar da tasirin Daunan kuma yana da zaɓin ion ƙin yarda, membrane wanda sodium chloride permeability ya dace da ƙwayar sodium chloride kuma ya fi 0.4. Babban aikace-aikacen sa shine cire ruwa da kuma yawan abubuwan shigar da ruwa daban-daban. 0% NaCl kin amincewa da aka lura ta amfani da nanofiltration membranes a 30,000 ppm NaCl hade da sauran ions.
Reverse osmosis (RO): Daidaitaccen tacewa yana kusa da 0.0001 microns, kuma hanya ce ta rarrabuwar kawuna mai ɗorewa a cikin Amurka a farkon shekarun 1960 tana amfani da matsin lamba. Yana iya tace kusan duk wani gurɓataccen abu (duka masu cutarwa da taimako) a cikin ruwa, yana barin ƙwayoyin ruwa kawai. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da shi wajen samar da ruwa mai tsafta, ruwan ultraure na masana'antu, da ruwan ultrapure na likita. Ana buƙatar matsi da kuzari don fasahar osmosis ta baya.
RO ita ce taƙaitawar membrane na Reverse Osmosis a Turanci. Tunda girman kumburan RO membrane ya kai miliyan biyar na gashi (0.0001 microns), gabaɗaya ba a iya ganin ido ba, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta sun kasance 5000 don haka, ƙwayoyin ruwa kawai da wasu ions na ma'adinai waɗanda ke da amfani ga jikin ɗan adam suna iya wucewa ta, kuma ana fitar da sauran ƙazanta da ƙarfe masu nauyi daga bututun ruwa.
Ka'idar reverse osmosis:
Da farko, dole ne mu fahimci ra'ayin "osmosis." Osmosis tsari ne na jiki. Lokacin da aka raba nau'ikan ruwa guda biyu masu gishiri daban-daban, kamar ta hanyar shinge mai yuwuwa, za a sami ruwan da ke gefen mai ƙarancin gishiri ya shiga. Membran yana shiga cikin ruwa tare da babban abun ciki na gishiri, amma gishiri ba ya ratsawa, yana sa gishirin gishiri a bangarorin biyu ya ci gaba da haɗuwa har sai sun kasance daidai. Duk da haka, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don kammala wannan tsari, wanda kuma aka sani da matsa lamba osmotic.
Juya osmosis taswirar zahiri
Koyaya, idan kayi ƙoƙarin sanya matsin lamba akan gefen ruwa tare da babban abun ciki na gishiri, sakamakon zai iya iyakance shigar da aka ambata a baya, kuma ana kiran wannan matsa lamba osmotic. Idan an tayar da matsa lamba, za a iya jujjuya shigar da shi, kuma gishiri zai tsaya. A sakamakon haka, ka'idar reverse osmosis desalination shi ne a yi amfani da wani matsa lamba mafi girma fiye da na halitta osmotic matsa lamba a cikin ruwa mai gishiri (kamar danyen ruwa), ta yadda osmosis ya ci gaba a kishiyar shugabanci, da kuma ruwa kwayoyin da ke cikin danyen ruwa da aka matse zuwa wani gefen membrane, haifar da ruwa mai tsabta, domin cimma burin cire datti da gishiri daga ruwa.
Asalin RO reverse osmosis:
Wani masanin kimiyar Ba’amurke, wanda aka gano ta hanyar haɗari a cikin 1950 cewa magudanar ruwa suna tsotse bakin ruwa mai yawa daga saman teku lokacin da suke tashi a cikin teku. Sun dan yi amai da ruwan teku kadan bayan wasu 'yan dakiku, wanda ya tayar da hankali saboda dabbobin da ke kasa suna shakar ta huhunsu. Ba za a iya cinye ruwan gishiri mai girma ba. Bayan an raba shi, an gano cewa jikin magudanar ruwa yana da siriri. Fim ɗin daidai ne. Seagull yana shakar ruwan gishiri, wanda daga baya ya matsa, kuma kwayoyin ruwa suna wucewa ta cikin fim saboda tasirin matsi.
An juya shi zuwa ruwa mai dadi, kuma abubuwan da ke gurbatawa da gishiri mai yawa a cikin ruwan teku suna tofawa daga baki. Wannan shi ne ainihin ƙa'idar ƙa'idar tsarin jujjuyawar osmosis, wanda Jami'ar Florida ta fara amfani da kayan aikin tsabtace ruwa a cikin 1953. Dr.S.Sidney Lode, farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar UCLA, ya hada kai da Dr.S.Soirirajan don fara bincike a kan reverse osmosis membranes a cikin 2009, tare da tallafin wani aikin gwamnatin tarayya na Amurka, kuma ya kashe kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 400 a kowace shekara don bincike don amfani da shi ga 'yan sama jannati.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-31-2022