Reverse osmosis (RO) itekinoroji yekuparadzanisa tekinoroji inogona kubvisa munyu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyungudika kubva mumvura nekushandisa kumanikidza. RO yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuburitsa mvura yegungwa, kuchenesa mvura yegungwa, kucheneswa kwemvura yekunwa uye kushandiswa zvakare kwemvura yetsvina.
Iyo Nyaya Kuseri kweReverse Osmosis Membrane
Wakambozvibvunza here kuti reverse osmosis membrane inoshanda sei? Inogona sei kusefa munyu nezvimwe zvisina tsvina mumvura, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka uye yakachena pakunwa? Zvakanaka, nyaya iri shure kwechigadzirwa chinoshamisa ichi chinonakidza, uye inosanganisira mamwe mashiripiti ane ruzivo.
Zvose zvakatanga muma1950, apo musayendisiti anonzi Sidney Loeb akanga achishanda paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Los Angeles. Aifarira kudzidza mafambisirwo akaitwa osmosis, inova kufamba kwechisikigo kwemvura ichipfuura nepakati pemembrane inopindika kubva munzvimbo ine solute yakaderera kuenda kunzvimbo ine yakanyanya solute concentration. Aida kutsvaga nzira yekudzosera kumashure maitiro aya, uye kuita kuti mvura ifambe kubva pakakwirira solute concentration ichienda kune yakaderera solute concentration, vachishandisa kunze kumanikidza. Izvi zvaizomubvumira kubvisa munyu mumvura yegungwa, uye kuburitsa mvura yakachena yekushandisa nevanhu.
Zvisinei, akatarisana nedambudziko guru: kuwana membrane yakakodzera iyo yaigona kumira kudzvinyirira kwepamusoro uye kudzivisa kusvibiswa nemunyu nezvimwe zvinosvibisa. Akaedza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai seselulosi acetate uye polyethylene, asi hapana chimwe chazvo chakashanda zvakakwana. Akanga oda kukanda mapfumo pasi, ndipo paakaona chimwe chinhu chakamushamisa.
Rimwe zuva, achifamba mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye akaona boka reshiri dzegungwa richibhururuka pamusoro pegungwa. Akaona kuti dzaizonyura mumvura, dzobata hove, dzobhururuka dzichidzokera kumahombekombe. Zvakamunetsa kuti vaizonwa sei mvura yomugungwa vasingarware kana kupera mvura. Akasarudza kuenderera mberi achiongorora, uye akawana kuti makudo aiva negland inokosha pedyo nemaziso adzo, inonzi munyu. Gland iyi inoburitsa munyu wakawandisa kubva muropa ravo, kuburikidza nemhino dzavo, muchimiro chemushonga une munyu. Nenzira iyi, vanogona kuchengetedza chiyero chemvura uye kudzivirira muchetura munyu.
Kubva ipapo, tekinoroji yeRO yakapinda munguva yekukurumidza yekusimudzira uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakanangana nekutengesa. Muna 1965, yekutanga yekutengesa RO system yakavakwa muCoalinga, California, ichigadzira 5000 magaloni emvura pazuva. Muna 1967, Cadotte akagadzira iyo yakatetepa-firimu composite membrane ichishandisa interfacial polymerization nzira, iyo yakavandudza mashandiro uye kugadzikana kweRO membranes. Muna 1977, FilmTec Corporation yakatanga kutengesa yakaoma-mhando membrane zvinhu, izvo zvaive nenguva yakareba yekuchengetedza uye nyore kufambisa.
Mazuva ano, RO membranes inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana uye saizi, zvichienderana nemhando yemvura yekudyisa uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Kazhinji kutaura, kune maviri makuru marudzi eRO membranes: spiral-ronda uye hollow-fiber. Spiral-ronda membranes inogadzirwa nemashizha akafuratira akatenderedzwa nechubhu ine perforated, achigadzira cylindrical element. Hollow-fiber membranes inogadzirwa nemachubhu matete ane hollow cores, achigadzira bundle element. Spiral-maronda membranes anonyanya kushandiswa pamvura yegungwa uye brackish mvura yekubvisa salination, nepo hollow-fiber membranes akanyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera-kudzvanywa maapplication akadai sekuchenesa mvura yekunwa.
Kusarudza iyo chaiyo RO membrane kune chaiyo application, akati wandei zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa, senge:
- Kurambwa kwemunyu: Chikamu chemunyu chinobviswa ne membrane. Kurambwa kwemunyu kwakakwirira kunoreva kunaka kwemvura yepamusoro.
- Kuyerera kwemvura: Huwandu hwemvura inopfuura nemu membrane pane imwe unit nzvimbo uye nguva. Kuyerera kwemvura yepamusoro kunoreva kubereka kwepamusoro uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa.
- Fouling kuramba: Kugona kwe membrane kuramba kusvibiswa ne organic matter, colloids, microorganisms uye kuyera zvicherwa. Yakakwira fouling kuramba inoreva hupenyu hurefu hwe membrane uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa.
-Operating pressure: Dzvinyiriro inodiwa kutyaira mvura nemu membrane. Kudzikira kwekushanda kunoreva kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa uye mutengo wemidziyo.
-Kushanda pH: Huwandu hwepH iyo membrane inogona kushivirira pasina kukuvara. Kuwanda kwekushanda pH kunoreva kushanduka uye kuenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura yekudyisa.
Yakasiyana RO membranes inogona kunge iine kutengeserana kwakasiyana-siyana pakati pezvinhu izvi, saka zvakakosha kuti uenzanise data ravo rekuita uye sarudza iyo yakakodzera zvakanyanya maererano neyakasiyana mamiriro ekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-02-2023