Ulwelwesi lwe-Nanofiltration lungagcina izinto ezinosayizi we-nano, futhi ezinye izici zinquma ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kombala othize we-nanofiltration membranes, engahlukaniswa ibe yizici ezilandelayo.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane ekwelapheni amanzi athambile.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-ion amabili anqanyulwa ngokuphumelelayo futhi ukucindezela okuphansi kungasetshenziswa ngamanani aphezulu amanzi, ukubaba kukhishwa usawoti, okudonsa imakethe yokuvuselela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-sodium. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuthi ayinama-microorganisms futhi ayidingi ukuvuselelwa. , Ifaka amanzi kanye ne-organic matter, elula, ayithathi indawo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isondelene kakhulu nendlela yokutshala izimali kanye nentengo, ngakho-ke kukhona ukusebenza okufanelekile nokujwayelekile kwemvelo kulo mkhakha.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane ekuhlanzeni amanzi okuphuza.
Ngenxa yensalela yokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezithintekayo kufakazele ukuthi ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lungasusa izinto ezikhiqizwayo ezinobuthi obuncane, izibulala-zinambuzane ezisele, izibulala-zinambuzane, izinto zemvelo zemvelo, izinto eziphilayo zemvelo, ikhwalithi yamanzi, kanye ne-sulfide ekhiqizwa inqubo yokubulala amagciwane. Usawoti kanye ne-nitrate, njll. Iphinde ibe nezinzuzo zekhwalithi yamanzi enhle, ukuzinza, umthamo ophansi wamakhemikhali, izinto ezincane ezilula, ukonga ugesi, ukuphathwa nokugcinwa, kanye nokukhipha i-zero. Ngakho-ke, ama-nanofiltration membranes angase abe ubuchwepheshe obukhethwayo bokuhlanzwa okuhlanzekile ekhulwini lama-21.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane kusawoti endaweni enezimbotshana.
Ekuthuthukisweni kokugcwala kukasawoti emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, ezindaweni ezibuswa ezolimo, inkomba yekhwalithi yamanzi ikude futhi iseduze, futhi ubuchwepheshe be-osmosis obuhlanekezayo bungasetshenziswa ukumba usawoti nezinye izinto. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokubuyisela amanzi liphakeme kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwelashwa kwe-condensate nakho kuyinkinga. Ngokuvamile, indlela ye-ion-exchange iyadingeka ukwelapha amanzi angcolile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ion exchange resins akhetha ukushintshanisa ama-divalent nama-ion ane-valent ephezulu. Uma okuqukethwe okunenani eliphezulu kusixazululo sokunciphisa kwandisa izindleko zokucubungula, ukuvuselelwa kwendawo eyodwa kuzokhuphula amanzi amakhulu kuqala. Usawoti omningi kasawoti uphathwa nge-nanofiltration membrane bese uphathwa ngendlela yokushintshanisa i-ion, isikhathi sokwelashwa singanwetshwa izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3.
Isixazululo siqukethe inani elikhulu likasawoti wezinto ezingaphili. Ngemuva kwekholomu ye-sodium ion exchange, i-ion ye-inorganic ishintshaniswa ngama-chloride. Ngalesi sikhathi, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate emanzini kuhlangabezana nezidingo zosawoti we-inorganic. Izinzuzo zayo yilezi: ingangena kuma-nitrate, futhi izinga lokubuyisela amanzi liphezulu. Le nqubo isetshenziswe kabanzi eJalimane.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane ekwelapheni amaqabunga.
Ngenxa yokuthi okusele kuqukethe inani elikhulu likakotini, elingangena futhi limunce omunye nomunye, izinkuni ezimnyama kanye nezinkuni ezinyakazayo ezikhiqizwa inqubo yokumunca izinkuni ezimnyama kanye ne-pulp yezinkuni zimuncwa isici kanye nendlela yokumuncwa ngoba izinto eziningi eziphilayo ku-peat zikhokhiswa kabi futhi zikhokhiswa kalula kahle. I-nanofiltration membrane iyabhujiswa esikhundleni sokubangela ukungcola okukhulu. Isibonelo, ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lusetshenziselwa ukususa umbala uketshezi olulahlwayo olukhiqizwa esigabeni sokukhipha i-alkali se-pulping yezinkuni, ulwelwesi lweribhoni, i-biomembrane ne-ground lignin oketshezini oluwudoti lungabanjwa, futhi ama-ion ion amonovalent angadingi ukuthi anqanyulwe angaphinde ajabule ngolwelwesi, Izinga lokukhipha umbala elingu-98%.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membranes ekwelashweni okuthuthukisiwe kwendle.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlunga kwe-Membrane kuyindlela ebalulekile yokubona ukugaywa kabusha kwendle. Izinqubo zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa i-flocculation sedimentation, ukubulala amagciwane, nezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa. Inqubo emva kokwelashwa kwe-membrane ihlanganisa nokwelashwa kwe-membrane. Zombili zingasebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile.
Okwesithupha, i-nanofiltration membrane iqukethe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezicashile ekwelapheni.
Enqubweni ye-electroplating kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza i-alloy, amanzi amaningi avame ukuhlanzwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwethusi okweqile, njenge-nickel, insimbi, ne-zinc. Icutshungulwe ibe yizinsalela, uma kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-nanofiltration, ingxenye engaphezu kuka-90% ingabuyiselwa ukuze ihlanzwe, futhi inani langempela lingancishiswa izikhathi ezingu-10 ukuze ukunciphisa kusetshenziswe kabusha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lungakwazi futhi ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi zensimbi ezihlukene esixazululweni, njengokuhlukaniswa kwe-Cd ne-Ni, ziguqule kuqala zibe yi-CdCl2 ne-NiCl2, bese zengeza i-NaCl ukuze zenze izinkimbinkimbi ezikhokhisiwe nezingashajwa ngokulandelana Izinto. Uma ukugxila kwe-NaCl kungu-01mol/L lapho ibala likhona kusixazululo, ikakhulukazi liba khona ngendlela ye-CdCl2, kodwa i-nickel ayikho efomini elihlanganisiwe. Inhlanganisela isesimweni sama-nickel ions. I-NF eshajwa kahle isetshenziselwa ukuvimba ama-nickel ions ukuvumela Ukugeleza okukhululekile ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezinsimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2021