I-Reverse Osmosis (RO) ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi olungasusa usawoti nezinye izinto ezincibilikisiwe emanzini ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi. I-RO isetshenziselwe kabanzi ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle, ukukhipha usawoti emanzini anosawoti, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi okuphuza kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile.
Indaba Engemuva Kwe-Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Wake wazibuza ukuthi i-reverse osmosis membrane isebenza kanjani? Ingawuhluza kanjani usawoti nokunye ukungcola emanzini, iwenze alondeke futhi ahlanzeke ukuphuzwa? Nokho, indaba yalokhu kusungulwa okumangalisayo iyamangalisa, futhi ihilela ama-seagull afuna ukwazi.
Konke kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1950, lapho usosayensi okuthiwa uSidney Loeb esebenza eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles. Wayenentshisekelo yokutadisha inqubo ye-osmosis, okuwukunyakaza okungokwemvelo kwamanzi kulwelwesi olungena kancane kancane ukusuka endaweni yokugxilisa okuncibilikayo okuncibilikayo ukuya endaweni ene-solute ephezulu. Wayefuna ukuthola indlela yokuhlehlisa le nqubo, futhi enze amanzi asuke ekugxilweni kwe-solute ephezulu aye ekugxilweni okuphansi kwe-solute, esebenzisa ukucindezela kwangaphandle. Lokhu kuzomvumela ukuthi akhiphe usawoti emanzini olwandle, futhi akhiqize amanzi ahlanzekile ukuze asetshenziswe abantu.
Nokho, wabhekana nenselele enkulu: ukuthola ulwelwesi olufanelekayo olungamelana nokucindezela okukhulu nokumelana nokungcoliswa usawoti nokunye ukungcola. Wazama izinto ezihlukahlukene, njenge-cellulose acetate ne-polyethylene, kodwa akukho neyodwa yazo eyayisebenza kahle ngokwanele. Wayesezoyeka, lapho ebona okuthile okungajwayelekile.
Ngolunye usuku, ezihambela ogwini lolwandle, wabona umhlambi wama-seagull undiza phezu kolwandle. Waphawula ukuthi zazingena emanzini, zibambe izinhlanzi, bese zindiza zibuyela ogwini. Wayezibuza ukuthi bangawaphuza kanjani amanzi olwandle ngaphandle kokugula noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Wanquma ukuphenya okwengeziwe, futhi wathola ukuthi ama-seagull anendlala ekhethekile eduze kwamehlo azo, ebizwa ngokuthi indlala kasawoti. Le ndlala ikhipha usawoti omningi egazini lazo, ngamakhala azo, ngendlela yengxube enosawoti. Ngale ndlela, bangagcina ibhalansi yabo yamanzi futhi bagweme ubuthi bukasawoti.
Kusukela lapho, ubuchwepheshe be-RO bungene esikhathini sokuthuthuka ngokushesha futhi kancane kancane buqhubekela phambili ekuhwebeni. Ngo-1965, uhlelo lokuqala lwe-RO lwezentengiselwano lwakhiwa e-Coalinga, eCalifornia, lukhiqiza amalitha angu-5000 amanzi ngosuku. Ngo-1967, uCadotte wasungula ulwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela yefilimu elincanyana lisebenzisa indlela ye-polymerization ye-interfacial, eyathuthukisa ukusebenza nokuzinza kwe-RO membranes. Ngo-1977, i-FilmTec Corporation yaqala ukuthengisa izakhi zolwelwesi ezomile, ezazinesikhathi eside sokugcina nokuhamba kalula.
Namuhla, ulwelwesi lwe-RO lutholakala ngezinhlobo nosayizi abahlukahlukene, kuya ngekhwalithi yamanzi okuphakelayo kanye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zolwelwesi lwe-RO: i-spiral-wound ne-hollow-fiber. Ulwelwesi lwamanxeba okuvunguza lwenziwe ngamashidi ayisicaba asongwe eduze kweshubhu elinezimbobo, akhe isici esiyicylindrical. Ulwelwesi lwe-fiber olungenalutho lwenziwe ngamashubhu amancane anama-cores angenalutho, akha isici senqwaba. Ulwelwesi lwamanxeba okuvunguza luvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhipheni usawoti emanzini olwandle namanzi anosawoti, kuyilapho ulwelwesi lwefayibha engenalutho lufaneleka kakhulu ekufakweni komfutho ophansi njengokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza.
Ukukhetha i-membrane ye-RO efanele yohlelo oluthile, izici ezimbalwa kufanele zicatshangelwe, njenge:
- Ukwenqatshwa kukasawoti: Iphesenti likasawoti elikhishwa ulwelwesi. Ukwenqatshwa kukasawoti omningi kusho izinga eliphezulu lamanzi.
- Ukugeleza kwamanzi: Inani lamanzi adlula kulwelwesi ngendawo ngayinye nesikhathi. Ukugeleza kwamanzi aphezulu kusho ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
- Ukumelana nokungcola: Ikhono le-membrane lokumelana nokungcoliswa yizinto eziphilayo, ama-colloid, ama-microorganisms kanye nokukala amaminerali. Ukumelana ne-fouling ephezulu kusho impilo ende ye-membrane kanye nezindleko zokunakekela eziphansi.
- Ingcindezi yokusebenza: Umfutho odingekayo ukuze ushayele amanzi kulwelwesi. Ingcindezi yokusebenza ephansi isho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nezindleko zemishini.
- I-pH esebenzayo: Ububanzi be-pH ulwelwesi olungabubekezelela ngaphandle kokulimala. Ukusebenza okubanzi kwe-pH kusho ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe nokuhambisana nemithombo yamanzi okuphakelayo ehlukene.
Ulwelwesi oluhlukile lwe-RO lungase lube nokuhwebelana okuhlukile phakathi kwalezi zici, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa idatha yabo yokusebenza bese ukhetha efaneleka kakhulu ngokuya ngemibandela ethile yohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2023