I-membrane ye-nanofiltration inokugcina izixhobo ze-nano-size, kunye nezinye iimpawu zichaza uluhlu oluthile lwesicelo sombala we-nanofiltration membranes, ezinokuthi zihlulwe kwiinkalo ezilandelayo.
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane kunyango lwamanzi athambileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-ion ezimbini zithintelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uxinzelelo oluphantsi lunokusebenza kumaxabiso aphezulu amanzi, ubukrakra buhlanjululwa, obuthatha imarike yokuvuselela kwizicelo zesodium. Inzuzo yayo ephambili kukuba ikhululekile kwi-microorganisms kwaye ayifuni ukuhlaziywa. , Ichaphazela amanzi kunye ne-organic matter, elula, ayithathi indawo, njl. Ngaphezu koko, isondele kakhulu kwindlela yotyalo-mali kunye nexabiso, ngoko kukho umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kunye nemveli yendalo kule ntsimi.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane ekucoceni kwamanzi okusela.
Ngenxa yokushiyeka kongcoliseko lwamanzi, uvavanyo lomgangatho wezinto ezichaphazelekayo lubonakalise ukuba i-nanofiltration membranes inokususa imveliso enetyhefu encinci, intsalela ye-herbicides, i-pesticides, i-organic organic matter, i-organic organic matter, umgangatho wamanzi, kunye ne-sulfide eveliswa kwindawo. inkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane. Ityuwa kunye ne-nitrate, njl njl. Kwakhona ineenzuzo zomgangatho omhle wamanzi, ukuzinza, idosi ephantsi yeekhemikhali, ukulula okuncinci, ukonga amandla, ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-zero. Ke ngoko, i-nanofiltration membranes inokuba yitekhnoloji ekhethwayo yokuhlanjululwa okucocekileyo kwinkulungwane yama-21.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-membrane ye-nanofiltration kwityuwa kwi-porous surface.
Kuphuhliso lokuxinana kwetyuwa kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kwiindawo ezilawulwa lulimo, isalathisi somgangatho wamanzi sikude kwaye sikufuphi, kwaye iteknoloji ye-osmosis eguqukayo ingasetyenziselwa ukumba ityuwa kunye nezinye izinto. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba izinga lokubuyisela amanzi liphezulu. Ngelo xesha, unyango lwe-condensate luyingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela yokutshintsha i-ion iyafuneka ukunyanga amanzi amdaka.
Kwelinye icala, iireyini zokutshintshiselana nge-ion zikhetha ngokutshintsha ii-divalent kunye ne-valent ion ephezulu. Ukuba umxholo wexabiso eliphezulu kwisisombululo sokunciphisa kwandisa iindleko zokucubungula, ukuhlaziywa kwendawo kuya kwandisa amanzi amaninzi kuqala. Ityuwa ephezulu yetyuwa iphathwa nge-nanofiltration membrane kwaye emva koko iphathwa ngendlela yokutshintshiselana kwe-ion, ixesha lonyango linokwandiswa ngama-2 ukuya kuma-3 amaxesha.
Isisombululo siqulethe inani elikhulu leetyuwa ze-inorganic. Emva kwekholamu yokutshintshiselana nge-sodium ion, i-ion ye-inorganic itshintshiselwa ngeekloridi. Ngeli xesha, umxholo we-nitrate emanzini uhlangabezana neemfuno zeetyuwa ze-inorganic. Iinzuzo zayo kukuba: inokungena kwi-nitrate, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela amanzi liphezulu. Obu buchule busetyenziswa kakhulu eJamani.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanofiltration membrane kunyango lwamagqabi.
Ngenxa yokuba intsalela iqulethe isixa esikhulu somqhaphu, esinokungena kwaye sifunxe omnye komnye, iinkuni ezimnyama kunye nemithi ephazamisekileyo eveliswa kwinkqubo yokufunxa iinkuni ezimnyama kunye ne-pulp yomthi ifunxwa yinto kunye nendlela yokufunxa ngenxa yokuba izinto ezininzi eziphilayo kwi-peat. zichajiwe kakubi kwaye zihlawulwe ngokulula ziqinisekileyo. I-membrane ye-nanofiltration iyatshatyalaliswa endaweni yokubangela ukungcola okukhulu. Umzekelo, i-nanofiltration inwebu zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa ulwelo lwenkunkuma oluveliswe kwinqanaba le-alkali lokutsalwa kweenkuni, inwebu yeribhoni, i-biomembrane kunye ne-lignin yomhlaba kulwelo lwenkunkuma inokubanjwa, kunye ne-ion ion eyongezelelweyo engafunekiyo ukuba ithintelwe. inokuphinda ivuyiswe nge-membrane, Isantya se-decolorization yefilimu sifikelela kwi-98%.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kweembrane ze-nanofiltration kunyango oluphambili lwamanzi amdaka.
Ukucocwa kweMembrane kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqonda ukurisayikilishwa kogutyulo. Iinkqubo zayo eziphambili ziquka i-flocculation sedimentation, i-disinfection, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zonyango. Inkqubo emva konyango lwe-membrane iquka unyango lwe-membrane. Bobabini banokusebenzisa amanzi acociweyo.
Okwesithandathu, i-nanofiltration membrane iqulethe izicelo ezifihlakeleyo kunyango.
Kwinkqubo ye-electroplating kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa i-alloy, amanzi amaninzi ahlala ecocwa ngenxa yobuninzi bobhedu obugqithisileyo, njenge-nickel, isinyithi kunye ne-zinc. Ukucutshungulwa kwi-sediments, ukuba iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-nanofiltration isetyenzisiweyo, ngaphezu kwe-90% yenxalenye inokubuyiselwa ukuhlanjululwa, kwaye ixabiso langempela lingancitshiswa ngamaxesha angama-10 ukwenzela ukuba ukunciphisa kusetyenziswe kwakhona.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ii-membrane ze-nanofiltration zinokuphinda zifezekise ukuhlukana kwezinto zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwisisombululo, njengokuhlukana kweCd kunye ne-Ni, kuqala ukuguqula kwi-CdCl2 kunye ne-NiCl2, kwaye ungeze i-NaCl ukwenza ii-complexes ezihlawuliswayo nezingahlawulwanga ngokulandelelana kwezinto. Xa i-concentration ye-NaCl i-01mol / L xa i-complex ikhona kwisisombululo, ngokuyinhloko ikhona kwifom ye-CdCl2, kodwa i-nickel ayikho kwifom edibeneyo. Ikhompawundi ikwimo yeeyoni zenickel. I-NF ehlawuliswa kakuhle isetyenziselwa ukunqanda i-nickel ions ukukhulula ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ukuphumeza ukwahlukana phakathi kweentsimbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-16-2021