Iindlela zokulayisha kunye nokukhulula ii-membrane ze-NF zoshishino kunye nezinto ze-RO membrane

2025-6-26 Jiangsu ZIFIHELE

Intshayelelo

Ubuchwephesha be-Industrial reverse osmosis (RO) kunye ne-nanofiltration (NF) busetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-desalination yamanzi olwandle, ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, iinkqubo zeekhemikhali, ukutya kunye nesiselo, njl. ngenxa yemiphumo emihle yokwahlukana. Njengamacandelo angundoqo wenkqubo, ukulayishwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokukhupha kunye nokufakwa kwezinto ze-membrane azihambelani kuphela nefuthe lokwahlula, kodwa kuchaphazela ubomi be-membrane kunye noqoqosho lwenkqubo yokusebenza.

 

1. Ukulungiselela ukulayisha kunye nokothula

-Lungisa ezi zinto zilandelayo phambi kokulayisha kunye nokothula izinto:

Siibhutsi zerabha ze-afety, iiglasi zokukhusela, iiglavu zerabha, i-silicone lubricant, iipliers, i-cloth ecocekileyo, i-glycerin.

-Amanyathelo okuhlola ngaphambi kokulayisha kunye nokukhulula izinto:

• Jonga imibhobho yamanzi

Hlola ngononophelo umbhobho wokungena kwamanzi onyukayo uze ususe ngokucokisekileyo izinto zangaphandle ezifana nothuli, igrisi, inkunkuma yesinyithi, njl.njl. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iinkqubo zokucoca iikhemikhali kufuneka zenziwe kumbhobho wokungena kwamanzi kunye nokubuyisela umva isitya soxinzelelo lwe-osmosis ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into yangaphandle isuswe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo.

• Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wamanzi angenisiweyo

Gxininisa ngokungqongqo umgangatho wamanzi angenayo. Ngaphambi kokufaka izinto kwisitya soxinzelelo lwe-membrane, qinisekisa ukuba amanzi afanelekileyo aphathwa yinkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili ahamba ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30, kwaye uvavanye umgangatho wamanzi angenayo enkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokungena kwamanzi kwizinto ze-membrane. Kwangaxeshanye, khangela ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwindlela yokubhobhoza.

• Jonga isitya soxinzelelo lwesakhiwo sepleyiti yokuphela

Xa udibanisa iplate yokuphela kunye nentsimbi yokutyhala yomkhumbi woxinzelelo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izakhiwo zeplate zokugqibela eziqulunqwe ngabavelisi abahlukeneyo zinokwahluka, ngoko ke i-schematics yesakhiwo esihambelanayo kufuneka ibhengezwe ngexesha lokusebenza.

• Ucoce ngokucokisekileyo isitya soxinzelelo

Hlanza isitya soxinzelelo esivulekileyo ngokucokisekileyo ukususa uthuli kunye nentlenga. Ukuba ukucoca okungaphezulu kuyadingeka, yenza i-mop enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuzalisa i-diameter yangaphakathi yesitya soxinzelelo, uyicwilise ngesisombululo se-glycerin ye-50%, kwaye uyikhuphe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphakathi kwesitya ngamaxesha amaninzi de udonga lwangaphakathi lucoceke kwaye luthanjiswe.

• Khangela ukuba inkqubo isebenza ngesiqhelo

Ngaphambi kokufaka amacandelo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba zonke iindawo kunye neekhemikhali ezifunekayo ukufaka kunye nokubeka inkqubo ekusebenzeni zigqityiwe kwaye inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili lusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

• Qinisekisa ukutshintshwa ngaphambi kokukhulula

Kuphela xa uceba ukuqala inkqubo ngokukhawuleza, unokukhupha kwaye ufake i-membrane element. Ngaphandle koko, i-membrane element kufuneka igcinwe itywinwe kwipakethe yokuqala.

2. Ukuqhawulwa kwamacandelo

Xa ukhulula i-membrane element kwisitya soxinzelelo lwenkqubo, iingcali ezimbini kufuneka zilandele ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

 

• Okokuqala, imibhobho yangaphandle kwiziphelo zombini zomkhumbi woxinzelelo kufuneka isuswe, kwaye iiplati zokugqibela kufuneka zichithwe ngokwemiyalelo enikwe ngumenzi. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqhaqha, zonke iindawo kufuneka zibalwe kwaye zibekwe ngokulandelelana.

 

• Emva koko, susa iindibano zeplate yokuphela kuzo zombini iziphelo zomkhumbi woxinzelelo.
  Ekugqibeleni, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhaqha, izakhi ze-membrane kufuneka zityhalwe nganye nganye ziqala ukusuka ekupheleni kokungena kwamanzi kwisitya soxinzelelo.

 

• Inye kuphela into evumelekileyo ukuba ityhalwe ngaphandle ngexesha. Xa i-elementi ikhutshiwe ngaphandle kwesitya soxinzelelo, kufuneka ibanjwe ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha umonakalo wento okanye ukwenzakala komntu.

3. Faka amacandelo

• Susa ngononophelo i-membrane element ukusuka kwibhokisi yokupakisha kwaye ukhangele ukuba indawo kunye nesalathiso seringi yokutywina ye-brine kwi-element ichanekile (indlela yokuvula i-brine yokutywinwa kweringi kufuneka ijongane necala lokungena kwamanzi.

 

• Tyhila isiphelo inwebu element ngaphandle brine ukutywina umsesane parallel ukuya amanzi ekupheleni inqanawa yoxinzelelo de into evezwe malunga 10 cm ngaphandle kwesiphelo sokungena kwamanzi kwisitya soxinzelelo. Qaphela ukuba i-element kufuneka ihlale ifakwe kwi-inlet yamanzi ekupheleni kwesitya soxinzelelo.

 

• Faka umdibaniso wangaphakathi wokudibanisa phakathi kwamacandelo kwityhubhu yokuvelisa amanzi ephakathi kwecandelo. Ngaphambi kokufaka ukudibanisa, sebenzisa inani elincinci le-silicone-based based "O" ring lubricant kwi-ring "O" yokudibanisa. Ukuba akunjalo, yinyakazise ngokuthe ngqo ngamanzi afanelekileyo acocwe kwangaphambili.

 

• Ngononophelo thatha into yesibini kwi-membrane kwibhokisi yokupakisha. Ngokufanayo, khangela ukuba indawo kunye nolwalathiso lweringi yokutywina ye-brine kwi-element ichanekile. Bamba ngononophelo i-element kwaye ufake i-joint yangaphakathi kwinto yokuqala kumbhobho wokuvelisa amanzi ophakathi wento. Ngeli xesha, ukudibanisa kwangaphakathi okudibeneyo akukwazi ukuthwala ubunzima bento. Tyhila i-elementi kwisitya soxinzelelo ngokunxuseneyo de into yesibini ibonakale malunga ne-10 cm ngaphandle.

 

• Phinda amanyathelo (3) kunye (4) de kube zonke izinto zifakwe kwisitya soxinzelelo. Ukutshintshela ekupheleni concentrate kwaye ufake element yangaphakathi joint kumbhobho iziko imveliso yamanzi we element yokuqala. Ubude bento kunye nesitya soxinzelelo sinquma inani lezinto ze-membrane ezinokufakwa kwisitya esisodwa soxinzelelo.

4. Jonga izinto phambi kokuba uqale umatshini

• Zonke izixhobo, kubandakanywa imibhobho, izikhongozeli, izixhobo kunye neendawo eziqukuqelayo kwiimpompo zamanzi, kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka.

 

• Zonke iipayipi kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zoxinzelelo loyilo.

 

• Yonke imibhobho kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zikwazi ukuhlangabezana noluhlu lwe-H oluchazwe kuyilo (njengenkqubo yokucoca)

 

• I-multi-media filter ihlanjwe ngasemva kwaye icociwe, kwaye umgangatho wamanzi ufanelekile.

 

• Into entsha ecocekileyo yokucoca ukhuseleko ifakwe phezulu kumpompo woxinzelelo oluphezulu.

 

• Ngaphambi kokudibanisa isitya soxinzelelo, umbhobho wokungena kwamanzi kunye nombhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu uhlanjululwe kwaye uhlanjululwe.

 

• Indawo yendawo yethamo yeekhemikhali ichanekile.

 

• Iivalve zokujonga ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-anti-siphon valves zifakwe kwimigca yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi.

 

• Amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuxuba athathwa kumbhobho wokungena kwamanzi wokudosa.

 

• Amachiza kunye nokugxininiswa kwawo kwibhokisi yokongeza iziyobisi kuchanekile.

 

• Xa i-dosing metering pump iyeka, i-osmosis ye-reverse kunye nezixhobo ze-nanofiltration zingavalwa.

 

• Xa isixhobo se-osmosis esingasemva kunye ne-nanofiltration ivaliwe, impompo yokulinganisa idosi inokuvalwa.

 

• Ukuba i-oxidants efana ne-chlorine isetyenzisiwe, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba i-chlorine emanzini angena kwi-membrane system isuswe ngokupheleleyo.

 

• Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezinokuthi zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibeke iliso kwi-pretreatment, i-reverse osmosis kunye neenkqubo ze-nanofiltration zicetywa ukuba zifakwe.

 

• Izixhobo ezidweliswe kwisicwangciso zifakelwe kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

 

• Qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo silinganisiwe.

 

• I-valve yokukhusela ukhuseleko ifakwe kwaye ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo.

5. Imiba ekhethekileyo kunye nezilumkiso

Intsalela yenkqubo yonyango			Amanyathelo okuhlamba			Faka
Isanti yequartz/ikhabhoni esebenzayo			Nceda uqiniseke ukuba ubuyisela isanti yequartz kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo kwaye uhlambulule ngokucokisekileyo. Faka indawo ye-membrane element emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zokuvelisa amanzi.			I-membrane element ifakwe kwicala lokungena kwamanzi kwi-membrane yezindlu, kwaye icala ngaphandle komsesane wokutywina wamanzi utyhalelwe kwi-membrane yezindlu kuqala.
(1) I-lubricant ekhethiweyo yezakhi ze-membrane ezimanzi yi-glycerol (propylene glycol), ekufuneka ihlalutye icocekile okanye ihlambuluke ngokwekhemikhali; 2 (3) Ukuba awunayo i-glycerin, yithambise ngamanzi. (4)   * Musa ukusebenzisa i-petroleum jelly okanye i-cationic detergent ukuthambisa izihlanganisi. *
Uhlobo lweMembrane		Ixesha lokugungxulwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi		Ixesha lokuhlamba uxinzelelo oluphezulu	Uxinzelelo lokugungxula (ibha)		Ukugungxula (m 3 / h)
Yomile		≥6 iiyure		Zicwilise ubusuku obu-1. Ukugungxula ≥ iiyure ezi-2	2-4 ibha		4 intshi: 0.6-3.0 8 intshi: 2.4-12.0
Imanzi		≥30min		Ukugungxula ≥ iiyure ezi-2	2-4 ibha		4 intshi: 0.6-3.0 8 intshi: 2.4-12.0
1.	Akukho inhibitor yesikali iyongezwa ngexesha lokugungxulwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi; onke amanzi avelisiweyo kunye namanzi agxininisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokugungxulwa kufuneka akhutshwe.
2.	Amanqaku okulungisa inkqubo yemigangatho emibini: Xa inkqubo yemigangatho emibini iqaliswa okokuqala, inkqubo ye-RO yenqanaba lokuqala kufuneka iqhube ngokuqhubekayo ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-24 phambi kokuba amanzi avelisiweyo akwinqanaba lokuqala anikezelwe kwinkqubo yenqanaba lesibini. Ngaphandle koko, i-membrane yesigaba sesibini inokungcoliswa kwaye ukuveliswa kwamanzi kunokuncipha.
3.	Ukubuyisela ukufakwa kwe-osmosis kunye nokugunyaziswa kufuneka kwakhona kuthintele isando samanzi kunye neengozi zoxinzelelo lwangasemva, kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo wokukhupha kunye noseto lokulwa noxinzelelo lwasemva.
Ekubeni iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nemigaqo esebenzayo inokwahluka ngokweendawo ngeendawo yaye ngamaxesha athile, umsebenzisi unoxanduva lokugqiba ukuba ngaba iimveliso kunye nolwazi lwemveliso olukolu xwebhu lufanelekile kusini na ukuba lusetyenziswe, kwanokuba indawo yabo yokusebenzela nendlela abazisingatha ngayo iimveliso iyahambisana nemithetho esebenzayo kunye neminye imimiselo karhulumente. Naluphi na uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuxekethileyo kuya kuthathwa njengokungasebenzi kunye nokulahlwa koqinisekiso lomgangatho. Ukuqinisekisa ukugqitywa kakuhle kokufakela, ukuthunyelwa kunye nokusebenza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhelane namanqaku angentla.

6. Ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo ekhethekileyo - i-thermal disinfection yezinto ze-membrane ze-RO

Kwizinto ezintsha ze-thermal disinfection, ukusebenza kwazo kufuneka kulungiswe kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokudibana namanzi ashushu. Amanyathelo athile ngala alandelayo:

 

• Ngaphantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi aphantsi, sebenzisa amanzi afanelekileyo anempembelelo (ngexesha le-membrane pre-setting period, amanzi afanelekileyo anempembelelo kufuneka angabikho kwi-residual gas, isikali kunye nokungcola. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-RO eveliswa ngamanzi, kunye namanzi afunyenwe kwangaphambili afanelekileyo angasetyenziswa kwakhona) ukugungxula i-thermal disinfection membrane element.

 

• Kwimeko ephantsi yoxinzelelo apho ukuhlukana koxinzelelo lwe-transmembrane phakathi kwe-membrane inlet yamanzi kunye namanzi emveliso ayidluli kwi-bar ye-1.7 (25 psi) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi olungenayo aludluli i-3 bar (43.5 psi), amanzi afudumele aneqondo lokushisa elingekho ngaphezu kwe-45 ° C isetyenziselwa unyango lokujikeleza.

 

• Qhubeka uzisa amanzi ashushu kwisistim de iqondo lobushushu lifike kuma-80°C.

 

• Xa ukushisa kwamanzi kudlula i-45 ° C, ukuhlukana koxinzelelo lwe-transmembrane kumacala omabini e-membrane kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-1.7 bar (25 psi).

 

• Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokushisa ezingentla, inkqubo igcinwa ishushu imizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwengama-90.

 

• Vumela inkqubo ukuba iphole ngokwendalo ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-45°C.

 

• Kwimeko ephantsi yoxinzelelo apho umahluko woxinzelelo lwe-transmembrane phakathi kwamanzi okungena kwi-membrane kunye namanzi emveliso ayidluli i-1.7 bar (25 psi) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokungena kwamanzi aludluli i-3 bar (43.5 psi), sebenzisa amanzi angenayo afanelekileyo ukuze agungxule into.

 

• Ngexesha lokumiselwa kwangaphambili kwe-membrane, amanzi afanelekileyo okutya kufuneka asetyenziswe angenayo i-gesi eshiyekileyo, ukulinganisa, okanye ukuhlambalaza. Amanzi avelisiweyo e-RO akhethwayo, kodwa amanzi asele enziwe acociwe ngaphambili aphumelele uvavanyo nawo angasetyenziswa.

 

Qinisekisa ukwenza eli nyathelo xa inwebu yesiqalelo ipholile ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-45 ° C.