Indlela iReverse Osmosis esebenza ngayo: Ukucocwa kwamanzi ngokuHlufa okuPhezulu

1. I-Osmosis vs. Reverse Osmosis

- I-Natural Osmosis: Ngokwendalo, amanzi ahamba nge-membrane e-semipermeable ukusuka kummandla we-solute concentration ephantsi ukuya kwi-concentration ephezulu ye-solute ukulinganisa macala omabini (umzobo 1a). Le nkqubo yokwenziwa ayifuni amandla.

(Ingcebiso ebonakalayo: Amacandelo amabini ahlulwe yinwebu; amanzi aqukuqela esiya kwicala elinetyuwa.)

-Reverse Osmosis: RO ibuyisela umva oku kuhamba. Ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kunoxinzelelo lwendalo lwe-osmotic, amanzi anyanzeliswa ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu (elingcolileyo) ukuya kwicala eliphantsi (elihlambulukileyo), lishiya ukungcola emva (Umfanekiso 1b).

(Ingcebiso ebonakalayo: Uxinzelelo olusetyenziswa kwicala elinetyuwa; iimolekyuli zamanzi zicudisa kwi-membrane ngelixa iityuwa / izinto ezingcolisayo zivaliwe.)

2. Intliziyo yeRO: IMembrane eSemipermeable

I-membrane ye-RO i-dense, i-polymer eninzi (ihlala i-polyamide) ene-microscopic pores (~ 0.0001 microns). Ezi pores zincinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingavala:

-Iityuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo (umz., Na⁺, Cl⁻)

- Iintsimbi ezinzima (umzekelo, ilothe, iarsenic)

- Iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neemolekyuli eziphilayo

Ulwakhiwo lweMembrane:

1. Uluhlu lweNkxaso: Ibonelela ngamandla omatshini.
2. I-Porous Layer: Ivumela ukudlula kwamanzi.
3. I-Active Layer: Ishidi le-polyamide elicwecwe kakhulu elineepores ezinobungakanani be-nano ukwenzela ukuhluzwa okukhethiweyo.

3. Zisuswa Njani Izingcolisi

- Ubukhulu bokungabandakanywa: Iimolekyuli ezinkulu (umzekelo, iityuwa, izinto eziphilayo) azikwazi ukudlula kwimingxuma emincinci.

- I-Charge Repulsion: I-membrane ye-membrane ihlawuliswa ngombane, i-ion yokugxotha kunye neentlawulo ezifanayo.

- Ukuxhathisa kwi-Diffusion: Izinto ezingcolisayo zibanjiswa kwaye zigungxulwe njengamanzi amdaka.

4. Usetyenziso lwe-RO

- Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini: Ukuguqula amanzi olwandle abe ngamanzi acocekileyo.

- Iinkqubo zaManzi okuSela: Ukususa izinto ezingcolisa imimoya kwiimpompo zasekhaya.

- Amashishini: Amachiza, imveliso yokutya / isiselo, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.

5. Imingeni

- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Iimfuno zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

- I-Membrane Fouling: Amacandelo angakwazi ukuvala ii-pores, ezifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukubuyisela umva i-osmosis ibopha isayensi yezinto eziphambili kunye nefiziksi ukuhambisa amanzi acocekileyo. Ngokuqonda imigaqo ye-osmotic kunye noyilo lwe-membrane, sinokuphucula iinkqubo ze-RO kwikamva elizinzileyo.