Impembelelo ye-membrane ye-osmosis eguqukayo kwisiphumo sonyango lweempawu ezahlukeneyo zamanzi

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-osmosis eguqukayo (i-RO), umgangatho wamanzi wokutya unefuthe eliphambili ekusebenzeni kwe-membrane, ukuyalela ukuguquguquka, ukwaliwa kwetyuwa, ukuthambekela kokungalunganga, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokucoca rhoqo. Amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba atyebileyo kwi-particulate kunye ne-organic organic matter (NOM) akhuthaza i-organic and biofouling, ngelixa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye imithombo yebrackish ephawulwa ngobulukhuni, i-silica, kunye nee-ion zentsimbi zibangela imiceli mngeni ye-inorganic and scaling. Ubutyuwa obuphezulu bamanzi olwandle bufuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza olwenza mandundu ukwakheka kunye nokwakheka kwebhayofilm. Amanzi amdaka amdaka, azele zizinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikisiweyo kunye nezingcolisi ezincinci, anokuthi angcolise iinwebu ngokukhawuleza, afune unyango olungqongqo kunye nemithetho yokucoca eyomeleleyo. Kuyo yonke le mixholo, ukunyangwa kwangaphambili okulungiselelweyo, ukukhetha inwebu enobulumko, kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo lokusebenza kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-RO kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.

Intshayelelo
I-osmosis ebuyela umva (RO) yohlula amanzi kwi-solutes enyibilikisiweyo ngokufaka uxinzelelo lwehydraulic kwi-membrane engenakunyakatheka. I-RO ngoku ithatha ngaphezulu kwe-65% yomthamo wehlabathi wokukhupha ityuwa, igxininisa indima yayo engundoqo ekucocweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwe-membrane kuthinteka kakhulu kwiimpawu zamanzi-umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo, ukubunjwa kwe-ionic, i-particulate matter, kunye nomsebenzi we-biological-konke oku kunokunciphisa i-permeate flux, ukugatywa kwetyuwa ephantsi, ukuphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo ye-membrane.

Iindidi zamanzi okutya kunye neempembelelo zawo
Amanzi oMphezulu
Imithombo engaphezulu (imilambo, amachibi) ihlala iqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu okuqinileyo okunqunyanyisiweyo, i-turbidity, kunye ne-NOM, ekhokelela ekungcoleni okukhawulezayo kwenwebu kunye nokuvala isikhewu ukuba asilungiswanga ngokwaneleyo . Ukulungiswa okuncinci kwamanzi aphezu komhlaba kuyasilela ukuzinzisa ukusebenza kwe-RO, njengoko i-particle kunye ne-organic matter iqokelelana kumphezulu we-membrane, ibangela ukugxilwa kwe-polarization kunye nokungcola.

Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba / Amanzi aneBrackish
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba ane-brackish anetyuwa ephakathi kunye nokuqina, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic xa kuthelekiswa namanzi olwandle kodwa aphakamisa imingcipheko ye-calcium carbonate kunye ne-silica scaling. I-silica scaling, ngokukodwa, kunzima ukuthintela kunye ne-antiscalants eqhelekileyo, efuna izicwangciso zokulawula ezikhethekileyo ukugcina i-flux kunye nokuphepha ukungahambi kakuhle.

Amanzi olwandle
Amanzi olwandle i-RO (SWRO) asebenza kuxinzelelo oluphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-55-80 bar) ukunqoba uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic ye-~25-30 bar, eyandisa imfuno yamandla kwaye igxininise ukunyanzeliswa kwe-membrane kunye ne-fouling. I-Inorganic scaling (i-calcium sulfate, i-carbonate) kunye ne-biofouling zixhaphakile kwaye zifuna i-antiscalant dosing engqongqo, ulawulo lwe-biofilm, kunye nokucoca rhoqo.

Amanzi amdaka
Unyango lwe-RO lwamanzi amdaka kamasipala okanye kwimizi-mveliso ajongana nemithwalo ephezulu yezinto eziphilayo ezinyityilisiweyo, izingcolisi ezincinci, kunye nentsalela yesibulala-zintsholongwane, ekhokelela kumbindi we-organic kunye ne-biofouling. Amanzi amdaka esibhedlele e-WWTP anyangwa nge-polyamide RO membranes abonisa ukuncipha okubonakalayo kwi-TDS kunye ne-COD kodwa abandezeleka ngokukhawuleza ukwehla ngaphandle kokuhluzwa kwe-preRO kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezilawulwayo.

Iziphumo zokuSebenza kweMembrane
IiNdlela zoTyala
Ukungcola kwe-Organic kuvela kwi-adsorption ye-lowmolecularweight organic compounds (LMWOC) kumphezulu we-membrane kunye nangaphakathi kweepores, kuthintela ukungena kwamanzi. I-inorganic fouling ibandakanya imvula yeetyuwa ezinyibilikayo kancinci (umzekelo, i-calcium carbonate, i-sulfate) kubuso be-membrane, ukudala izikali eziqinileyo ezivala i-pores kwaye zonakalise umaleko osebenzayo. I-Biofouling, eqhutywa yi-microbial attachment kunye nokukhula kwe-biofilm, iyancipha ngakumbi i-flux kwaye ikhuthaza ukulinganisa kwendawo.

Ukukala
I-calcium sulfate kunye ne-carbonate scaling ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeke xa ii-ion zobunzima zidlula imilinganiselo yokunyibilika kumphezulu we-membrane, ikhawuleziswa yi-concentration polarization. I-silica, ekhoyo njengeentlobo ze-colloidal okanye ezinyibilikileyo, yenza iidiphozithi ezinzima, eziqinileyo ezixhathisa i-antiscalants yendabuko, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ze-RO zamanzi amtyuba.

Ukukala kwizikhewu zeReverse Osmosis Membrane

I-Permeate Flux kunye nokwaliwa kweTyuwa
I-Permeate flux inyuka ngoxinzelelo lwe-transmembrane kodwa i-plateaus ngenxa ye-polarization yoxinaniso kunye nemiphumo yokudibanisa. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu luphucula kancinci ukwaliwa kwetyuwa, kodwa ngaphaya koluhlu olufanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ukwaliwa ngenxa yokwanda kokunyanzelwa kwe-solutes ngeziphene kunye neengqimba ezimdaka.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye noxinzelelo lokuSebenza
Ukungcola kunye nokulinganisa kuphakamisa ukunganyangeki kwe-hydraulic, kufuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokutya ukugcina ukuguquguquka, ngaloo ndlela kunyuka ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile (SEC) kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Imijikelo yokucoca iba rhoqo, yongeza ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye nexesha lokuphumla.

Amaqhinga okunciphisa
Unyango lwangaphambili
Ukuphathwa kwangaphambili okusebenzayo-i-coagulation, i-media filtration, i-ultrafiltration-isusa i-particulates kunye ne-NOM, inqanda amandla okuhlambalaza kunye nokuzinzisa ukusebenza kwe-RO. Kumanzi angaphezulu, izihluzi zemithombo yeendaba ezimbini kunye nekhabhoni ye-adsorption esebenzayo inciphisa ukulayishwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhusela iimodyuli ze-RO ezisezantsi.

Ukucoca kunye ne-Antiscalants
I-Physical (i-backwashing, i-flushing phambili) kunye neekhemikhali (i-acids, i-alkali, i-oxidants) iiprothokholi zokucoca zijolise kwiintlobo ezithile ezingcolileyo-i-organics, i-inorganics, i-biofilms-ukubuyisela i-flux kunye nokugatywa. I-Antiscaant dosing, ukulungiswa kwe-pH, kunye ne-antifoaming agents zinceda ukukhusela i-nucleation yesikali kunye nokwakheka kwe-biofilm.

Ukuguqulwa koMphezulu weMembrane
Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje yokuxhunyelelwa komphezulu (umzekelo, i-polyacrylic acid, i-grapheneoxide coatings) ivelise inwebu egudileyo, i-hydrophilic ethe chatha, kunye nemigangatho echajiwe kakubi, iphucula ukuxhathisa ukuchasana kunye nokugcinwa kweflux.

Izifundo

• Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa kuManzi aneBrackish eTunisia: Iplanti egcweleyo ibonise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kunye nokucoca ngamaxesha athile; ukuchaneka kweempawu kutyhile iileya ezixubeneyo ze-organic-inorganic ezifuna iindlela zokucoca ezilungiselelweyo.
• ISibhedlele i-WWTP yokuRisayikilishwa kobumdaka: Iimbumba ze-Polyamide RO zinciphisa i-TDS ukusuka ~ 1 500 mg / L ukuya ku- 90%, kodwa i-permeate flux iyancipha nge-25 % ngaphezu kweentsuku ze-30 ngaphandle kokunyangwa kwangaphambili kunye nokulungiswa koxinzelelo oluphuculweyo.

Izigqibo
Umgangatho wokutyisa amanzi yeyona nto iphambili elawula ukusebenza kwe-membrane ye-RO. Amanzi aphezu komhlaba afuna i-particulate eyomeleleyo kunye nokususwa kwe-NOM; imithombo yebrackish ifuna i-silica kunye nolawulo lobulukhuni; ukucocwa kwamanzi olwandle kufuneka kulungelelanise ukusebenza koxinzelelo oluphezulu nolawulo lokukala; Amanzi amdaka afuna ukulungiswa ngokungqongqo kwangaphambili kunye nokucoca okulungiselelweyo. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwi-membrane, ubuchule bokunyangwa kwangaphambili, kunye nokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani kuyaqhubeka nokuphucula ukomelela kwe-RO kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iimpawu zamanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa okuhambelanayo kwezi zicwangciso kuqinisekisa imisebenzi ye-RO ezinzileyo, ixesha elide lokuphila kwe-membrane, kunye nokuveliswa okuthembekileyo komgangatho ophezulu we-permeate.