Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenye ze-membrane ye-reverse osmosis yezimboni

1.Ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi

Isizathu: Ukungcola kwamangqamuzana, izinto eziphilayo, izinto ezingaphili, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ama-microorganisms nezinye izinto ezingcolisa amanzi emthonjeni wamanzi zizonqwabelana kancane kancane phezu kolwelwesi, zenze ungqimba olungcolisa ulwelwesi; Inkinga yokukala, lapho ubulukhuni ama-ion emanzini busabelana namanye ama-ion endaweni yolwelwesi ukwenza amadiphozithi; Ukuguga kwe-Membrane, njengoba isikhathi sokusetshenziswa sikhula, i-membrane impahla izoba nezinga elithile lokuguga; Izimo zokusebenza ezingafanele, njengokucindezela kokungena okuphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokugeleza eliphansi kakhulu lokungena, noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lokungena; Ukuhlanza okungaphelele kungase kuphumele ekukhishweni okungaphelele kokungcola, okuholela ekunqwabelaneni kokungcola endaweni yolwelwesi futhi.

Indlela yokwahlulela: Ukuqapha njalo ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kanye nekhwalithi ye-reverse osmosis system, qhathanisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okuqala kanye namanje ngesikhathi sokusebenza; Lapho ukuqapha izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwesistimu kanye nokuncishiswa kokugeleza kwamanzi kwenzeka, isistimu ingase idinge ukucindezela okuphezulu ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokuqala lokukhiqiza amanzi; Ukuncipha kokugeleza kwamanzi kwezakhi ze-membrane ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokwehla kwezinga lokususa usawoti. Uma izinga lokususa usawoti litholwa liphansi kunevelu yokuklama phakathi nokuhlolwa, kungase kube isignali yokuncishiswa kokugeleza kwamanzi.

Izinyathelo zokuphendula: Hlanza njalo izingxenye ze-membrane bese ukhetha ama-ejenti okuhlanza afanelekile ukuze ahlanzwe ngokuhlehla ngokuya ngohlobo lokungcola; Qinisekisa ukuthi izimo zokusebenza zesistimu ye-membrane zingaphakathi kwebanga elinconywayo, gwema ukucindezela kokungenisa okudlulele kanye nezinga lokushisa, futhi uqinisekise izinga lokugeleza lokungena elizinzile; Ukwamukela amasu athuthukile okwelapha angaphambi kokwelapha afana nokucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, ukuhlunga, ukuthambisa, nokukhipha insimbi ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wokungcola emanzini; Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kwe-membrane kungazange kubuyiselwe ngokuphumelelayo ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokuhlanza futhi kunezibonakaliso zokuguga noma ukulimala kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-membrane, ukushintshwa kwesici se-membrane kungase kucatshangelwe.

2.Isenzo sokukala

Isizathu: Izinga lamanzi alizange lihlaziywe ngokugcwele, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwesistimu okungenangqondo; Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile noma umthamo onganele we-scale inhibitors; Izinga lamanzi lishintshile, futhi imingcele yokusebenza yesistimu ayizange ilungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Umhlahlandlela wempendulo: Yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesistimu; Khetha ama-scale inhibitors/ama-dispersants asebenzayo wokudosa; Lungisa imingcele yokusebenza kwesistimu ngesikhathi lapho izinga lamanzi lishintsha; Susa noma unciphise ama-ion abangela ukukala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwangaphambili.

3.Isenzakalo se-oxidation

Isizathu: I-chlorine eyinsalela eyeqisayo noma ezinye izinto ezikhipha i-oxidizing emanzini angenayo olwelwesi lwesistimu.

Umhlahlandlela wempendulo: Thatha izinyathelo ezinjengokwengeza ama-ejenti anciphisayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-chlorine esele ku-influent ingaphansi kuka-0.1ppm; Faka i-ORP/insalela ye-chlorine amathuluzi kusistimu ukuze uqaphe ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinto ezikhipha i-oxidizing azingeni kulwelwesi lwesistimu ye-RO.

4.Isibonakude

Isizathu: Ukwehluleka ukulandela izimfuneko ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukuqaqa kubangele ukungaboni ngaso linye okuhlobene phakathi kwe- reverse osmosis membranes; Ukuqina okunganele namandla egobolondo le-membrane kubangele ukuguquguquka ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokucindezela; Uma uqala iphampu yokucindezela okukhulu, ingcindezi yokungena yesistimu ikhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu.

Umhlahlandlela wempendulo: Qinisa ukuqoshwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yokusebenza. Ngemuva kokumiswa kwedatha, lapho umehluko wengcindezi udlula u-15% yenani lokuqala, ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze kungadluli umehluko omkhulu ovunyelwe wengcindezi. Uma kwenzeka into engathi sína yesibonakude, kuyadingeka ukuthi kushintshwe izingxenye zolwelwesi ezilimele futhi kuphenywe imbangela yomehluko wengcindezi edlula izinga.

5.Isenzakalo se-concentration polarization

Isizathu: Phakathi nenqubo ye-osmosis ehlehlayo, ngenxa yokuhamba okuqhubekayo kwamanzi ngolwelwesi, kunomehluko wokugxilisa ingqondo phakathi kwamanzi anosawoti eduze nolwelwesi lwamanzi kanye namanzi anosawoti angenisayo. Ukuhlushwa kwesixazululo endaweni ye-membrane kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi njengoba inani elikhulu lamanzi lidlula ebusweni be-membrane, ukugxila kukhula kakhulu, kwakha isixazululo se-supersaturated. Amanye ama-salts azokhuphuka kancane kancane amakristalu.

Umhlahlandlela wempendulo: Ukwandisa izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi agxilile futhi ukwandise amandla e-shear ebusweni be-membrane; Lawula izinga lokutakula kanye nokuguquguquka okumaphakathi kwesistimu.

6.Isimo sokuhlangana

Isizathu: Ukucindezela okuphezulu kokungena, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, isando samanzi. Uma kunomoya ohlelweni lwe-osmosis ebuyela emuva, ipompo yengcindezi ephezulu iyaqalwa. Ingcindezi yephampu yomfutho ophezulu ikhuphuka ngokushesha, okungabangela amandla anamandla kulwelwesi lwe-RO, okuholela kumphumela wesando samanzi kanye nokulimala okulula kulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo.

Umhlahlandlela wempendulo: Ngemva kokuba isici se-membrane sicindezelwe, i-membrane eyonakele idinga ukushintshwa; Lawula ingcindezi yokusebenza kanye nezinga lokushisa le-elementi ye-membrane ngaphakathi kwezidingo zokuklama.

7.Ukulimala kwe-Membrane surface

Isizathu: I-particle emanzini angenayo ingena ohlelweni lwe-RO, ibangele imihuzuko ebusweni be-membrane; Imihuzuko ebangelwa izinto zokukala; isando samanzi; Izinto zamakhemikhali zingabangela umonakalo ebusweni be-membrane.

Umhlahlandlela wempendulo: Faka esikhundleni isici sokuhlunga okuvikeleka ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze uvimbele izinhlayiya eziqinile emanzini ukuthi zingangeni kulwelwesi lwesici; Lapho uhlanza izingxenye ze-membrane ezingcolile, izinga lokugeleza kokuqala kufanele lincishiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo obangelwa ukugeleza okugelezayo ngokweqile; Ukuze uvimbele isando samanzi, ukukhishwa kwe-low-pressure kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala ipompo yokucindezela okukhulu, futhi ukucindezela okukhuphuka kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu akufanele kusheshe kakhulu. Imvamisa eguquguqukayo, isiqalo esithambile noma i-valve yokuvula kancane kagesi kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqalisa iphampu enengcindezi ephezulu; Vimbela amakhemikhali angahambelani ukuthi angangeni ohlelweni lwe-membrane.