Isici sesihlungi se-osmosis (RO) reverse
Ngokwemvelo, isiqondiso sokugeleza samanzi sisuka endaweni ephansi yokugxilisa ingqondo kuya ekugxiliseni okuphezulu, futhi ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis olungemuva lunengcindezi eyanele ohlangothini oluphezulu lokugxila ukuze lenze amanzi ageleze abuyele kolunye uhlangothi lolwelwesi. Ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluphambene lungagcina izinto ezinkulu kuno-0.0001μm (okungukuthi 0.1nm) (okuhlanganisa amagciwane namagciwane kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezinesisindo samangqamuzana angaphezu kuka-100) futhi okwamanje lingumkhiqizo wokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi olucwengisiswe kakhulu emakethe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhi zokuhlunga, amanzi ageleza kulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlane acwenge kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo luphinde lukhiqize amanzi angcolile. Ulwelwesi olungakhiqizi amanzi angcolile akumele lube ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlanekezelwe.
Isici sesihlungi se-Nanofiltration membrane (NF).
Ulwelwesi lwe-Nanofiltration luvame ulwelwesi olushajwayo, olunamashaji angemahle ngaphezulu, olunganqamula ama-cations anama-valence angaphezu kwamabili emanzini futhi lugcine ama-ion amonovalent (njengama-ion e-sodium nama-ion potassium). Ngakho-ke, ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lugcina amanye amaminerali emanzini. Isici esibalulekile.
Phakathi kwezinto ezingcolisa insimbi ezisindayo ezivamile, i-arsenic itholakala ikakhulukazi emanzini njengama-ion e-arsenic angama-trivalent nama-pentavalent arsenic ion; i-chromium itholakala ikakhulukazi ngesimo sama-ion angama-trivalent nama-hexavalent emvelweni. Ngakho ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lungaphinda luhlunge izinsimbi eziningi ezisindayo. Ingaphinde isuse ingxenye ye-calcium ne-magnesium, ngakho-ke inomphumela othile ekuthambisa amanzi aqinile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lunganciphisa izinto eziphilayo emanzini kanye nama-carcinogens afana ne-trihalomethanes akhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-chlorination kanye nokubulala amagciwane emanzini okuphuza.
Igciwane elincane elaziwayo linobubanzi obungu-18nm-22nm (idatha evela ku-Wikipedia). Uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi we-pore we-nanofiltration membranes ye-1-2nm, amabhaktheriya namagciwane akhulu kakhulu, ngakho ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lungasebenza Ukususwa kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane akubonakali kunzima kakhulu ukukucabanga.
Isimiso sokusebenza solwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lucishe lufane nalolo lwe- reverse osmosis membrane. Ingcindezi enayo iphansi kunaleyo yolwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, ngakho ikhiqiza amanzi angcolile amancane kunolwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo.
Isici sesihlungi se-Ultrafiltration membrane (UF).
Usayizi wembotshana we-ultrafiltration membrane ngu-0.01μm (10nm). Abaningi abahlanza amanzi bazogcizelela ukuthi izinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezisebenzisa kuphela ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration zigcina amaminerali emanzini futhi zingakhiqizi amanzi angcolile. Awu, kunjalo. Kodwa ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration alukwazi ukuhlunga izinsimbi ezisindayo. Ingakwazi ukuhlunga amagciwane ngempumelelo (ibhaktheriya encane eyaziwayo ingu-0.2μm (200nm) ubude) namanye amagciwane amakhulu.
Kwezinye izindawo, amanzi angamanzi aqinile, okungukuthi, amanzi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium ne-magnesium. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi lunambitheka kabi. Uma ufuna ukuliguqulela libe amanzi athambile, isihlanzi samanzi esisebenzisa lesi sigqoko kuphela asikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo.
Isihlungi se-Ceramic
Isici sesihlungi se-ceramic singasefa intle, imfucumfucu, namagciwane ngosayizi omncane wembotshana wento yobumba. Iwuhlobo lwe-microfiltration membrane (MF). Ama-ion esiliva anamathiselwe ku-ceramic anomphumela wokubulala inzalo. Mayelana nokunemba kokuhlunga kwe-elementi yesihlungi se-ceramic, isici sokuhlunga ulwelwesi lwe-ceramic oluphindwe kabili olunokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokuhlunga emhlabeni kunosayizi wembotshana omaphakathi ongu-0.1μm. Ngokwaleli zinga, nakuba i-ceramic filter element ingakwazi ukuhlunga noma yimaphi amabhaktheriya, ayikwazi ukuhlunga amagciwane amaningi.
I-Ceramic ngokwayo ayikwazi ukususa ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, kodwa isici sokuhlunga se-ceramic esihlanganiswe nekhabhoni ecushiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu singanciphisa ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungcola kwensimbi, futhi sinomsebenzi wokukhipha i-chlorine esele kanye nokususa umbala. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwesihlungi se-ceramic esiyinhlanganisela kufanele sishintshwe njalo, ngoba nakuba i-ceramic surface kulula ukuyihlanza, ikhabhoni ecushiwe egcwele i-ceramic izovinjelwa ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Uma ucabanga ngakho, uzokwazi ukuthi umphumela we-adsorption mncane noma awukho Up.
Isici sesihlungi se-resin
Izakhi zokuhlunga i-resin ezishintshayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthambisa amanzi aqinile. Ayikwazi ukuhlunga izinsimbi ezisindayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2020