Reverse Osmosis membrane (RO) fyuluta chinthu
Mwachilengedwe, njira yoyendetsera madzi imachokera kumalo otsika kwambiri kupita kumalo okwera kwambiri, ndipo nembanemba ya osmosis imakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kumbali yowonjezereka kuti madzi abwerere ku mbali ina ya nembanemba. Reverse osmosis nembanemba amatha kusunga zinthu zazikulu kuposa 0.0001μm (ie 0.1nm) (kuphatikiza mabakiteriya ndi ma virus ndi zinthu organic zolemera kwambiri kuposa 100) ndipo pakadali pano ndiye chinthu cholekanitsa kwambiri pamsika. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zosefera, madzi oyenda kupyola mu nembanemba ya reverse osmosis amakhala oyera. Kuphatikiza apo, nembanemba zam'mbuyo za osmosis zimatulutsanso madzi oipa. Nembanemba yomwe sipanga madzi otayira siyenera kukhala nembanemba ya reverse osmosis.
Nanofiltration membrane (NF) fyuluta chinthu
Ma nanofiltration nembanemba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nembanemba, zokhala ndi zoyipa pamtunda, zomwe zimatha kutsekereza ma cations okhala ndi ma valences opitilira awiri m'madzi ndikusunga ma ion a monovalent (monga ma ayoni a sodium ndi ayoni a potaziyamu). Chifukwa chake, nembanemba za nanofiltration zimasunga mchere wina m'madzi. Zinthu zakuthupi.
Pakati pa wamba heavy metal zoipitsa, arsenic makamaka alipo m'madzi monga trivalent ayoni arsenic ndi pentavalent ayoni arsenic; chromium imapezeka makamaka mu mawonekedwe a ma ion a trivalent ndi hexavalent m'chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake nembanemba ya nanofiltration imathanso kusefa zambiri mwazitsulo zolemera. Ikhozanso kuchotsa mbali ya calcium ndi magnesium, kotero imakhala ndi zotsatira zina pakufewetsa madzi olimba.
Nthawi yomweyo, nanofiltration nembanemba amatha kuchepetsa zinthu organic m'madzi ndi carcinogens monga trihalomethanes opangidwa pa chlorination ndi disinfection madzi akumwa.
Kachilombo kakang'ono kodziwika bwino kamene kamakhala ndi 18nm-22nm (data kuchokera ku Wikipedia). Poyerekeza ndi pore kukula kwa nanofiltration nembanemba wa 1-2nm, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ndi lalikulu, kotero nanofiltration nembanemba akhoza kukhala ogwira Kuchotsa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi sizikuwoneka zovuta kuganiza.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya nanofiltration nembanemba imafanana pang'ono ndi nembanemba ya reverse osmosis. Mphamvu yomwe imanyamula ndi yocheperapo poyerekeza ndi nembanemba ya reverse osmosis, motero imatulutsa madzi otayira ochepa poyerekeza ndi nembanemba ya reverse osmosis.
Chosefera cha Ultrafiltration membrane (UF).
Kukula kwa pore kwa nembanemba ya ultrafiltration ndi 0.01μm (10nm). Ambiri oyeretsa madzi amatsindika kuti oyeretsa madzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma ultrafiltration membranes amasunga mchere m'madzi ndipo samatulutsa madzi oipa. Chabwino, ndiko kulondola. Koma ma ultrafiltration nembanemba sangathe kusefa zitsulo zolemera. Imatha kusefa bwino mabakiteriya (mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono odziwika ndi 0.2μm (200nm) kutalika) ndi ma virus ena akuluakulu.
M'madera ena, madzi ndi madzi olimba, ndiko kuti, madzi okhala ndi calcium ndi magnesium yambiri. Madzi amtunduwu samakoma. Ngati mukufuna kusandutsa madzi ofewa, choyeretsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba iyi sichingakwaniritse zofunikira.
Ceramic fyuluta
Chosefera cha ceramic chimatha kusefa zinyalala, zinyalala, ndi mabakiteriya ndi kachuluke kakang'ono ka zinthu za ceramic. Ndi mtundu wa microfiltration membrane (MF). Ma ions asiliva omwe amamangiriridwa ku ceramic amakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga. Ponena za kusefera kolondola kwa sefa ya ceramic element, chowongolera chapawiri-control membrane ceramic sefa yomwe imakhala yolondola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ili ndi pore kukula kwake kwa 0.1μm. Malinga ndi mulingo uwu, ngakhale zinthu zosefera za ceramic zimatha kusefa mabakiteriya aliwonse, sizingasefa ma virus ambiri.
Ceramic yokhayo siyingachotse zowononga mankhwala, koma chinthu chosefera cha ceramic chophatikizidwa ndi mpweya wochita bwino kwambiri chimatha kuchepetsa zowononga zachilengedwe ndi zowononga zitsulo, ndipo chimakhala ndi ntchito yochotsa chlorine yotsalira ndikuchotsa utoto. Komabe, mtundu uwu wa zinthu zophatikizika za ceramic zosefera ziyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa ngakhale pamwamba pa ceramic ndi kosavuta kuyeretsa, mpweya wodzaza mu ceramic udzatsekedwa pakapita nthawi. Ngati mungaganizire izi, mudzadziwa kuti kutsatsa kumakhala kochepa kapena ayi Up.
Zosefera za resin
Zosefera zosinthira utomoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufewetsa madzi olimba. Sitingathe kusefa heavy metal.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-12-2020