Izindlela zokulayisha nokuthulula ama-membrane e-NF yezimboni nezinto ze-RO

2025-6-26 Jiangsu HID

Isandulelo

Ubuchwepheshe be-Industrial reverse osmosis (RO) kanye ne-nanofiltration (NF) busetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhishweni kwamanzi olwandle usawoti, ukuhlanza indle, izinqubo zamakhemikhali, ukudla nesiphuzo, njll. ngenxa yemiphumela yabo emihle kakhulu yokuhlukanisa. Njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu, ukulayisha okulungile nokulayishwa nokufakwa kwezakhi ze-membrane akuhlobene nje nomphumela wokuhlukanisa, kodwa futhi kuthinta impilo ye-membrane kanye nomnotho wokusebenza kwesistimu.

 

1. Ukulungiselela ukulayisha nokuthulula

- Lungiselela izinto ezilandelayo ngaphambi kokulayisha nokukhipha izingxenye:

Samabhuzu enjoloba e-afety, izibuko zokuzivikela, amagilavu enjoloba, i-silicone lubricant, amapliers, indwangu ehlanzekile, i-glycerin.

- Izinyathelo zokuhlola ngaphambi kokulayisha nokukhipha izingxenye:

• Hlola amapayipi amanzi

Hlola ngokucophelela ipayipi elingenisa amanzi enhla nomfula futhi ususe ngokuphelele izinto zangaphandle ezifana nothuli, amafutha, imfucumfucu yensimbi, njll. Uma kudingekile, izinqubo zokuhlanza amakhemikhali kufanele zenziwe epayipini elingenisa amanzi futhi lihlehlise umkhumbi we-osmosis wokucindezela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinto zangaphandle zisuswa ngokuphelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu.

• Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi engenisiwe

Hlola ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yamanzi angenayo. Ngaphambi kokufaka izakhi kumkhumbi wokucindezela ulwelwesi, qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afanelekile aphathwa isistimu yokwelashwa kusengaphambili ageleza okungenani imizuzu engama-30, futhi uhlole ikhwalithi yamanzi angenayo yohlelo lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokungena kwamanzi zezakhi zolwelwesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukuvuza ohlelweni lwamapayipi.

• Hlola isakhiwo sepuleti lokugcina lomkhumbi wengcindezi

Lapho uqaqa ipuleti lokugcina kanye nendandatho yokuphonsa yomkhumbi wokucindezela, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izakhiwo zepuleti zokugcina eziklanywe abakhiqizi abahlukene zingase zihluke, ngakho-ke ama-schematics esakhiwo ahambisanayo kufanele abhekiswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

• Hlanza kahle isitsha sokucindezela

Hlanza kahle isitsha sokucindezela esivuliwe ukuze ususe uthuli nenhlabathi. Uma ukuhlanza okwengeziwe kuyadingeka, yenza i-mop enkulu ngokwanele ukuze ugcwalise ububanzi obungaphakathi bomkhumbi wokucindezela, cwilisa ngesisombululo se-50% se-glycerin, bese uhudula ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphakathi kwesitsha izikhathi eziningana kuze kube yilapho udonga lwangaphakathi luhlanzekile futhi lugcotshiwe.

• Hlola ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza ngokujwayelekile yini

Ngaphambi kokufaka izingxenye, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye namakhemikhali adingekayo ukuze kufakwe futhi kusetshenziswe isistimu kuphelile nokuthi uhlelo lokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi lusebenza ngokujwayelekile.

• Qinisekisa ukufaka esikhundleni ngaphambi kokukhipha

Kuphela uma uhlela ukuqala uhlelo ngokushesha, ungakwazi ukukhipha futhi ufake isici se-membrane. Uma kungenjalo, i-elementi ye-membrane kufanele igcinwe ivaliwe ephaketheni lokuqala.

2. Ukuhlakazwa kwezingxenye

Lapho uqaqa i-membrane element emkhunjini wokucindezela wesistimu, ochwepheshe ababili kufanele balandele izinqubo ezilandelayo:

 

• Okokuqala, amapayipi angaphandle emikhawulweni yomibili yomkhumbi wokucindezela kudingeka asuswe, futhi amapuleti okugcina kufanele ahlakazwe ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo enikezwe umenzi. Phakathi nenqubo ye-disassembly, zonke izingxenye kufanele zibalwe futhi zibekwe ngokulandelana.

 

• Okulandelayo, susa inhlanganisela yepuleti lokugcina kuzo zombili iziphetho zomkhumbi wokucindezela.
  Ekugcineni, phakathi nenqubo yokuhlakaza, izakhi ze-membrane kufanele ziphushwe ngayinye ngayinye kusukela ekugcineni kwe-inlet yamanzi yomkhumbi wokucindezela.

 

• I-elementi eyodwa kuphela evunyelwe ukuthi iphushwe ngesikhathi. Lapho isici siphushwa ngaphandle komkhumbi wokucindezela, kufanele sibanjwe ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwesici noma ukulimala komuntu siqu.

3. Faka izingxenye

• Khipha ngokucophelela i-elementi ye-membrane ebhokisini lokupakisha futhi uhlole ukuthi indawo kanye nendlela yendandatho yokuvala amanzi e-brine ilungile yini (indlela yokuvula indandatho yokuvala i-brine kufanele ibhekane nendawo yokungena kwamanzi.

 

• Cindezela isiphetho sesici solwelwesi ngaphandle kwendandatho yokuvala amanzi ane-brine ngokuhambisana nendawo yokugcina amanzi yomkhumbi ocindezelayo kuze kube yilapho isici sivezwa cishe ngo-10 cm ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amanzi yomkhumbi wokucindezela. Qaphela ukuthi i-elementi kufanele ihlale ifakwe kusukela ekugcineni kwe-inlet yamanzi yomkhumbi wokucindezela.

 

• Faka ilunga elingaphakathi elixhumayo phakathi kwezingxenye kushubhu yokukhiqiza amanzi emaphakathi yengxenye. Ngaphambi kokufaka isihlanganisi, sebenzisa inani elincane lokuthambisa indandatho ye-silicone "O" eringini ethi "O" yelunga. Uma kungenjalo, manzisa ngqo ngamanzi afanelekayo alashwe ngaphambilini.

 

• Khipha ngokucophelela ingxenye yesibili ye-membrane ebhokisini lokupakisha. Ngokufanayo, hlola ukuthi indawo kanye nesiqondiso sendandatho yokuvalwa kwe-brine ku-elementi kulungile yini. Bamba ngokucophelela i-elementi bese ufaka ilunga langaphakathi entweni yokuqala epayipini elimaphakathi lokukhiqiza amanzi le-elementi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukujoyina kwangaphakathi okuxhumayo akukwazi ukuthwala isisindo se-elementi. Phusha i-elementi emkhunjini wokucindezela ngokuhambisana kuze kube yilapho isici sesibili sivezwa cishe ngo-10 cm ngaphandle.

 

• Phinda izinyathelo (3) kanye (4) kuze kube yilapho zonke izakhi zifakwe emkhunjini wokucindezela. Dlulisela ekugcineni okugxilile futhi ufake ingxenye yangaphakathi yelunga epayipini lesikhungo sokukhiqiza amanzi lesici sokuqala. Ubude besici kanye nomkhumbi wokucindezela bunquma inani lezinto ze-membrane ezingafakwa emkhunjini owodwa wokucindezela.

4. Hlola izinto ngaphambi kokuqala umshini

• Zonke izinto zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa amapayipi, iziqukathi, amathuluzi kanye nezingxenye zokugeleza kwezingxenye zamaphampu amanzi, kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala.

 

• Wonke amapayipi kanye nezinto zokusebenza kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zengcindezi yokuklama.

 

• Wonke amapayipi nezinto zokusebenza kufanele zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nobubanzi H obucaciswe ekwakhiweni (njengesistimu yokuhlanza)

 

• Isihlungi semidiya eningi siyawashwa ngemuva futhi siyahlanzwa, futhi ikhwalithi yamanzi iyafaneleka.

 

• Isihlungi esisha sokuphepha esihlanzekile sifakwe phezulu kwephampu yengcindezi ephezulu.

 

• Ngaphambi kokuxhuma umkhumbi wokucindezela, ipayipi yokungena kwamanzi kanye nepayipi yokucindezela okuphezulu kuhlanjululwe futhi kuhlanjululwe.

 

• Indawo yephoyinti lomthamo wamakhemikhali inembile.

 

• Ama-valve okuhlola afanelekile kanye nama-anti-siphon valves afakwe emigqeni yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.

 

• Izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlanganisa ziyathathwa epayipini lokudosa elingenisa amanzi.

 

• Izidakamizwa kanye nokugxila kwazo ebhokisini elifaka izidakamizwa kunembile.

 

• Lapho iphampu yokulinganisa umthamo ima, i-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye namadivayisi we-nanofiltration angavalwa.

 

• Uma idivayisi ye-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-nanofiltration ivaliwe, iphampu yemitha yokulinganisa ingavalwa.

 

• Uma kusetshenziswa ama-oxidants afana ne-chlorine, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-chlorine emanzini angena ohlelweni lolwelwesi isuswa ngokuphelele.

 

• Amathuluzi okulinganisa angasebenza ngempumelelo futhi aqaphe ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, i-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye nezinhlelo ze-nanofiltration zihlelelwe ukufakwa.

 

• Amathuluzi asohlwini lohlelo afakiwe futhi asebenza ngendlela efanele.

 

• Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lilinganiselwe.

 

• I-valve yokusiza ukuphepha kwengcindezi ifakiwe futhi isethwe ngokunembile.

5. Izindaba ezikhethekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha

Izinsalela zesistimu yokwelashwa kwangaphambili			Hlanza izinyathelo			Faka
Isihlabathi sequartz/ikhabhoni ecushiwe			Sicela uqiniseke ukuthi ushintsha isihlabathi sequartz nekhabhoni ecushiwe bese uhlanza kahle. Shintsha i-membrane element ngemva kwamahora angu-24 okukhiqizwa kwamanzi.			Isici se-membrane sifakwe ohlangothini lokungena kwamanzi lwendlu ye-membrane, futhi uhlangothi olungenayo indandatho yokuvala amanzi egxilile iphushwa kulwelwesi lwezindlu kuqala.
(1) Isithambisi esithandwayo sezakhi zolwelwesi olumanzi i-glycerol (propylene glycol), okufanele ihlanzeke ngokwezibalo noma ihlanzeke ngokwamakhemikhali; (2) Izinto zokugcoba ezinezithako ezingaziwa noma ukuhlanzeka okunganele kungabangela kalula ukungcola nokuvala ulwelwesi, ngakho ungazisebenzisi; (3) Uma ungenayo i-glycerin, vele uyimanzise ngamanzi. (4)   * Ungasebenzisi i-petroleum jelly noma okokuhlanza kwe-cationic ukugcoba izixhumi. *
Uhlobo Lwemembrane		I-low pressure flushing time		Isikhathi sokugeza esinengcindezi ephezulu	I-Flushing pressure (ibha)		Ukugeleza kwamanzi (m 3 / h)
Yomile		≥6 amahora		Gcoba ubusuku obu-1. Ukuhlanza ≥ amahora angu-2	2-4 ibha		4 amayintshi: 0.6-3.0 8 amayintshi: 2.4-12.0
Imanzi		≥30min		Ukuhlanza ≥ amahora angu-2	2-4 ibha		4 amayintshi: 0.6-3.0 8 amayintshi: 2.4-12.0
1.	Ayikho i-scale inhibitor eyengezwa ngesikhathi sokugungiswa komfutho ophansi; wonke amanzi akhiqiziwe kanye namanzi ahlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokuwasha kufanele akhishwe.
2.	Amanothi okulungisa iphutha lesistimu enamazinga amabili: Lapho uhlelo lwezigaba ezimbili luqalwa okokuqala, uhlelo lwe-RO lwesigaba sokuqala kufanele luqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuba amanzi akhiqizwe esiteji sokuqala anikezwe ohlelweni lwesigaba sesibili. Uma kungenjalo, ulwelwesi lwesigaba sesibili lungangcoliswa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kungase kwehle.
3.	Ukufakwa kwe-osmosis ehlehlisayo kanye nokugunyazwa kufanele futhi kugweme isando samanzi nezingozi zokucindezela komgogodla, futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle wokukhipha i-exhaust kanye nezilungiselelo ze-anti-back pressure.
Njengoba izimo zokusetshenziswa nemithethonqubo esebenzayo ingase ihluke ezindaweni ngezindawo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, umsebenzisi unesibopho sokunquma ukuthi imikhiqizo nolwazi lomkhiqizo kulo mbhalo lufanelekile yini ukusetshenziswa kwabo, nokuthi ingabe indawo yabo yokusebenza kanye nendlela abaphatha ngayo imikhiqizo kuhambisana nemithetho esebenzayo kanye neminye imithetho kahulumeni. Noma imuphi umklamo nokusetshenziswa okuxegayo kuzothathwa njengokungavumelekile nokulahlwa kokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuqedwa ngokushelelayo kokufaka, ukuthunywa nokusebenza, kunconywa ukuba ujwayelane namaphuzu angenhla.

6. Ukuqaliswa kwesistimu ekhethekile - ukukhishwa kwe-thermal kwezakhi ze-membrane ye-RO

Kuma-elementi amasha okubulala amagciwane, ukusebenza kwawo kufanele kulungiswe kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokuxhumana namanzi ashisayo. Izinyathelo eziqondile zimi kanje:

 

• Ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okuphansi nokuphuma kwamanzi aphansi, sebenzisa amanzi anethonya afanelekile (ngesikhathi sokusetha kwangaphambili kwe-membrane, amanzi afanelekayo anamandla kufanele angabi negesi esele, isikali kanye nokungcola. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amanzi akhiqiziwe e-RO, futhi amanzi akhiqizwe aphethwe ngaphambilini angasetshenziswa futhi) ukuze kukhishwe isici se-membrane ye-disinfection.

 

• Endaweni yengcindezi ephansi lapho umehluko wengcindezi ye-transmembrane phakathi kwamanzi we-membrane inlet namanzi omkhiqizo ingeqi i-1.7 bar (25 psi) futhi ukucindezela kwamanzi okungena okuphezulu akudluli i-3 bar (43.5 psi), amanzi afudumele anezinga lokushisa elingekho ngaphezu kuka-45 ° C asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokujikeleza.

 

• Qhubeka wethula amanzi ashisayo ohlelweni kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-80°C.

 

• Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lidlula ama-45 ° C, umehluko wengcindezi ye-transmembrane ezinhlangothini zombili zolwelwesi kufanele ugcinwe ngaphansi kwe-1.7 bar (25 psi).

 

• Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezingenhla, isistimu igcinwa ifudumele imizuzu engama-60 kuya kwengama-90.

 

• Vumela isistimu ukuthi iphole ngokwemvelo ibe ngaphansi kuka-45°C.

 

• Endaweni enengcindezi ephansi lapho umehluko wengcindezi ye-transmembrane phakathi kwamanzi we-membrane inlet namanzi omkhiqizo ingeqi ibha engu-1.7 (25 psi) futhi umfutho wamanzi ongenisa umkhawulo omkhulu ungeqi amabha angu-3 (43.5 psi), sebenzisa amanzi afaka i-inlet afanelekayo ukuze usule isici.

 

• Ngesikhathi sokusetha kwangaphambili kwe-membrane, amanzi okuphakelayo afanelekile kufanele asetshenziswe angaqukathi igesi esele, ukukala, noma ukungcola. Amanzi akhiqiziwe e-RO ayakhethwa, kodwa amanzi akhiqizwe afakwe ngaphambilini aphumelele ukuhlolwa angasetshenziswa.

 

Qiniseka ukuthi wenza lesi sinyathelo lapho i-elementi yolwelwesi iphole ibe ngaphansi kuka-45°C.