Izinqumo ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokulawula i-osmosis ehlehlayo

Njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo emkhakheni wokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini, ubuchwepheshe be-reverse osmosis (RO) busetshenziswe kabanzi ekulungiseni amanzi ahlanzekile, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle ezimbonini zamandla, amakhemikhali, ezemithi, kanye ne-electronics. Idizayini yesistimu yayo yokulawula eyinhloko ihlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nempilo yemishini.

 

Ukulawulwa Kokubambisana Kwezinhlelo Zokucubungula Ngaphambili

Ulwelwesi olungemuva lwe-osmosis luzwela ikhwalithi yamanzi anamandla futhi ludinga ukwelashwa kusengaphambili ngezigaba eziningi (ezifana nokuhlunga kwesihlabathi, i-carbon adsorption eyenziwe yasebenza, kanye ne-ultrafiltration) ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ama-colloid, nezinto eziphilayo. Isistimu yokulawula idinga ukufeza:

1. Ukuxhumana kwezinqubo zamazinga amaningi

Lungisa ngokunamandla umthamo we-coagulant, imvamisa ye-backwash kanye nokunemba kokuhlunga ngokuya ngekhwalithi yamanzi aluhlaza;

2. I-SDI (inkomba yokungcola) ukuqapha ku-inthanethi:

Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela yemiphumela yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngamamitha we-turbidity nezibali zezinhlayiyana ukuze kugwenywe ukuvaleka kwezingxenye zolwelwesi;

3. Ukuthuthukisa Ukulungiswa kwe-pH

Lungisa inani le-asidi elingeziwe ngokuya nge-alkalinity yomthombo wamanzi ukuze ulawule ubungozi bokukala futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent.

 

Ukufanisa okunamandla kwephampu yomfutho ophezulu kanye nokulawula ingcindezi

Amandla okushayela ayinhloko wesistimu ye-RO avela kupompo yokucindezela okukhulu. Isistimu yokulawula idinga ukuxazulula:

1. Ukulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa

Isivinini sepompo silungiswa yi-converter frequency ukuze ihambisane nesidingo sokugeleza kwamanzi futhi inciphise umthelela wokumisa ukuqala;

2. Ibhalansi yengcindezi phakathi kwamasegimenti

Kuhlelo lwe-RO olunezigaba eziningi, inzwa yokucindezela + i-valve yokulawula kagesi isetshenziselwa ukwandisa umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwezigaba (ngokuvamile kulawulwa ku-0.2-0.3 MPa);

3. Ukuthuthukisa Ukulungiswa kwe-pH

Ezimeni zokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle, i-turbocharger noma i-pressure exchanger (PX) ingasetshenziswa ukuthola amandla okucindezela kwamanzi agxilile, ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kwama-30%.

 

Izidingo zenqubo yokwenza izinsimbi nokulawulwa kohlelo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu ye-RO

1. Ukulungiswa komthamo

Umthamo ulungiswa ngomshini wokulungisa ngokulinganayo, olungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo iphampu yemitha ukuze yenze umthamo olinganayo ngokusekelwe kusignali evela kumitha yokugeleza kwamanzi.

2. I-Liquid level gauge

Ibhokisi lokulinganisa lifakwe igeji yezinga loketshezi elisendaweni kanye nesignali ye-alamu yezinga loketshezi eliphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokudosa ngeke iphazamiseke ngenxa yokuntuleka komuthi ethangini elinguketshezi.

3. Ideshibhodi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi

Kukhona iphaneli yethuluzi lokuphakelwa kwamanzi esizeni, efakwe inkomba yokugeleza kanye nemitha yokuqongelela ukugeleza, imitha yokuqhuba, inkomba yenani le-pH. Ukwengeza, izimpawu zepharamitha ezithunyelwa imitha yokucindezela kwamanzi, imitha yokugeleza, imitha ye-conductivity kanye nemitha ye-pH ithunyelwa ekamelweni lokulawula eliphakathi ukuze liqoshwe ngokuqhubekayo; ngesikhathi esifanayo, isignali ethunyelwe imitha yokugeleza ilawula iphampu yemitha ku-dosing ngokulingana; izimpawu ze-alamu eziphakeme neziphansi ezithunyelwa imitha ye-pH zithunyelwa egunjini lokulawula eliphakathi ukuze kukhishwe i-alamu.

4. Izihlungi Zokuvikela

I-inlet ne-outlet yesihlungi sokuphepha ifakwe izinkomba zokucindezela. Uma umehluko wengcindezi yokungena nokuphumayo yesihlungi sokuphepha sifinyelela inani elimisiwe noma sisebenza isikhathi esithile, isici sokuhlunga sidinga ukushintshwa.

5. Ukushintsha kwepompo yengcindezi ephezulu

Izinhlangothi zokungena neziphumayo zepompo yomfutho ophezulu zifakwe amaswishi anomfutho ophansi nophezulu ngokulandelana kwawo. Lapho ukucindezelwa kwe-inlet kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu kungaphansi kwenani lomkhawulo, umshini wokucindezela ophansi uvaliwe futhi uthumela isignali ku-PLC, okuyinto ephazamisayo futhi imise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu; lapho ukucindezela kokuphuma kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu kuphakeme kunenani lomkhawulo, umshini wokucindezela ophezulu uvaliwe futhi uthumela isignali ku-PLC. Ngemva kokulibaziseka okuthile, uma ukucindezela ohlangothini lokucindezela okuphezulu kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu kusephezulu kunevelu yomkhawulo, i-PLC ikhipha i-alamu futhi imise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu. Uma iswishi yokucindezela okukhulu ibuyela esimweni esinqanyuliwe phakathi kwebanga lokulibaziseka, i-PLC ikhansela ngokuzenzakalelayo isignali yokufaka.

6. Ukuvulwa kweminyango kagesi enengcindezi ephezulu

I-outlet yepompo yengcindezi ephezulu ifakwe umnyango kagesi ovula kancane. Ngemuva kokuthi kuqalwe iphampu enomfutho ophezulu, umnyango ovuleka kancane uvuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-elementi ye-RO membrane ayilinyazwa isando samanzi. Uma umnyango ovula kancane wehluleka futhi wehluleka ukuvuleka phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo, ukucindezela kokuphuma kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu kuyenyuka, inkinobho yokucindezela ikhipha isignali ye-alamu futhi imise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu nge-PLC. Idivayisi ngayinye ye-RO ifakwe iphaneli yensimbi esendaweni, lapho kufakwe khona imitha yokugeleza yesigaba 1 se-RO, amanzi omkhiqizo wesiteji 2, kanye ne-drainage (ukugeleza nokugeleza kwevelu eqoqwayo), kanye imitha yokuguquguquka kwamanzi omkhiqizo.

7. Izidingo zokulawula uhlelo

Izimpawu zepharamitha ezithunyelwa imitha yokugeleza kanye nemitha ye-conductivity zithunyelwa ekamelweni eliphakathi lokulawula ukuze kuqoshwe ngokuqhubekayo, futhi abe ne-alamu yenani eliphezulu le-conductivity. Iphaneli yendawo ifakwe izinkinobho zokuqala zepompo zokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokumisa kanye nezibani zezinkomba, izinkinobho zokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo zesistimu nezibani zezinkomba, nezinkinobho zikagesi zokuvula nokuvala zokuvala nezibani zezinkomba.

8. Ukudayela kwe-RO

Idivayisi ngayinye ye-RO ifakwe iphaneli yokulinganisa ingcindezi esizeni, lapho kufakwe khona indawo yokungena yamanzi yesigaba sokuqala se-RO, isiteji sesibili sokungena kwamanzi kanye nezinkomba zokucindezela kokukhipha.

9. Iphaneli yokulawula emaphakathi

Iphaneli yokulawula emaphakathi ifakwe amaswishi okusebenza anezindawo ezintathu (okuzenzakalelayo okukodwa, okukodwa okuzenzakalelayo, okukodwa kwemanuwali) kwephampu yokucindezela okukhulu, iphampu yokulinganisa, kanye nephampu yamanzi eshaywayo, kanye nezinkinobho zokuqalisa nokumisa uhlelo, ezikwazi ukubona igumbi lokulawula isiqalo elizenzakalelayo lokulawula kude nemisebenzi yasendaweni eyenziwa ngesandla yamadivayisi angenhla. Uma iswishi enezindawo ezintathu iphendulelwa endaweni "yokuzenzakalelayo", amadivayisi angenhla awakwazi ukusetshenziswa endaweni.

 

Ukuqaliswa kwedivayisi ye-RO kanye nenqubo yokusebenza

1. Ukuqala nokusebenza kohlelo lwedivayisi ye-RO

Okokuqala, beka amaswishi okulawula iphampu enengcindezi ephezulu kanye nephampu yemitha endaweni "ezenzakalelayo", bese usebenzisa inkinobho yokuqala yohlelo kudivayisi ngayinye ye-RO. Ngalesi sikhathi, isilawuli se-programmable logic (PLC) sizobona ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga loketshezi lawo wonke amabhokisi okulinganisa kanye nokucindezela ohlangothini lokungena lwephampu yokucindezela okuphezulu ngokohlelo olumisiwe. Uma ileveli yoketshezi "ephansi" noma ingcindezi "ephansi" ohlangothini lokungena lwephampu yokucindezela okuphezulu kutholwa, i-PLC izokhipha i-alamu ezwakalayo nebonakalayo futhi iphazamise ukusebenza kohlelo.

Ngemva kokukhipha i-alamu, cindezela inkinobho yokuqala yohlelo futhi, uhlelo luzoqala kabusha ukusebenza, futhi luqalise ngokuzenzakalelayo iphampu yemitha yomthamo kanye nephampu yokucindezela okuphezulu, bese uvule umnyango kagesi ovula kancane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma ukucindezela kohlangothi lwe-high-pressure yepompo ye-high-pressure kusephezulu kunomkhawulo omisiwe ngemva kokubambezeleka kokusetha ngaphambilini, i-PLC izothumela isignali ye-alamu futhi imise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nepompo yokulinganisa, futhi ivale ngokuzenzakalelayo umnyango kagesi ovula kancane;
Uma iswishi ene-voltage ephezulu ibuyela esimweni esinqanyuliwe phakathi kwebanga lokulibaziseka, i-PLC izokhansela ngokuzenzakalelayo isignali yokufaka iswishi ye-voltage ephezulu, bese isistimu izongena esigabeni sokusebenza esivamile.

2. Ukuqalisa mathupha nokusebenza kwegumbi lokulawula idivayisi ye-RO

Lapho amaswishi okulawula iphampu enengcindezi ephezulu, iphampu yokulinganisa kanye nepompo yamanzi ashaywayo efakwa endaweni "yemanuwali", okokusebenza okungenhla kungasetshenziswa ekamelweni lokulawula.

3. Ukuqaliswa kwezandla kanye nokusebenza kwedivayisi ye-RO esizeni

Uma amaswishi okulawula ephampu yomfutho ophezulu kanye nephampu yokulinganisa kusendaweni "ecishiwe", okokusebenza okungenhla kungaqalwa mathupha futhi kusetshenzwe esizeni.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukusebenza kwedivayisi ye-RO kungamiswa ngokushesha ngokucindezela inkinobho yokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo kuphaneli yensimbi yendawo.

4. Idivayisi ye-RO imisiwe

Uma idivayisi ye-RO izima ngokuzenzakalelayo noma u-opharetha emi ngokucindezela inkinobho yokumisa uhlelo, iphampu yokucindezela okuphezulu iyayeka ukusebenza, iphampu yokulinganisa iyama ukusebenza ixhumene, kanye nomnyango kagesi ovuleka kancane endaweni yokuphuma kwepompo yokucindezela okukhulu uvalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

 

Ukuqaliswa kwedivayisi ye-RO kanye nenqubo yokusebenza

Ukwakheka kwethuluzi kanye nohlelo lokulawula lwe-PLC kunqunywa ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lwe-RO lokudlalwa kwezinsimbi nokulawula.

1. Shintsha ileveli yoketshezi

Inikeza isignali yezinga eliphansi.

2. I-Flow Meter

Inkomba yokugeleza okusheshayo nokugeleza okunqwabelene kokuboniswa.

3. Imitha ye-conductivity

Isibonisi sedijithali, esinokukhishwa kwe-alamu yenani eliphezulu lokuhamba kanye nokuphumayo kwesignali yamanje engu-4~20mA.

4. Imitha ye-pH

Ukuboniswa kwedijithali, okune-pH ekwazi ukusethwa umsebenzisi ephezulu nephansi ye-alamu kanye nokuphumayo kwesignali yamanje engu-4-20mA.