Amathiphu ama-5 okwandisa impilo ye-RO Membrane kanye nokonga izindleko
- Qinisekisa Ukwelashwa Okuphumelelayo Kwamanzi Okuphakelayo Ngaphambi Kokwelashwa
Ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphakelayo yisici esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kwe-RO membrane kanye nokuphila kwayo. Izinto ezingafuneki emanzini angavuthiwe, njengezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ama-colloid, izinto eziphilayo, kanye ne-chlorine, zingabangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ku-membrane. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa inqubo ephelele yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubalulekile.
Okokuqala, faka isihlungi se-sediment ukuze ususe izinhlayiya ezinkulu njengesihlabathi, udaka, kanye nokugqwala, okungaklwebha ubuso be-membrane. Okwesibili, sebenzisa isihlungi se-carbon esisebenzayo ukuze ususe i-chlorine kanye namakhemikhali e-organic—i-chlorine, ikakhulukazi, inga-oxidize izinto ze-membrane, okuholela ekwehleni okusheshayo kokusebenza kokukhipha usawoti emanzini. Kumanzi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-turbidity noma i-colloidal, ukwengeza isinyathelo sokujiya kanye ne-flocculation kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwangaphambi kokwelashwa. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi okuphakelayo ahlangabezana nezidingo zokungena kwe-membrane ye-RO, unganciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokungcola kwe-membrane futhi ubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokwandisa impilo yayo yenkonzo.
- Gcina Amapharamitha Okusebenza Afanele
Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-RO ngaphakathi kobubanzi bepharamitha obunconywayo kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezeleka okukhulu kulwelwesi. Amapharamitha abalulekile okufanele aqashwe afaka phakathi ingcindezi yokusebenza, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinga lokululama.
Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kokusebenza kungasheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-membrane futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Landela njalo iziqondiso zomkhiqizi zebanga lokucindezela elifanele. Izinga lokushisa lithinta nokusebenza kwe-membrane—amazinga okushisa aphezulu angathuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kodwa futhi angathuthukisa izinga lokukala kanye nokungcola. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulawula izinga lokushisa lamanzi okuphakelayo ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-25°C no-35°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokululama (isilinganiso samanzi omkhiqizo kumanzi okuphakelayo) akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu. Izinga lokululama eliphezulu lingaholela kusawoti oqoqekile kanye nokungcola ebusweni be-membrane, okwandisa ingozi yokukala. Ukulungisa izinga lokululama ngokwekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nomklamo wesistimu kungalinganisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-membrane.
- Sebenzisa Izinqubo Zokuhlanza Ezivamile Nezifanele
Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, ukungcola kwe-membrane akunakugwenywa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlanza ngesikhathi esifanele nangokufanele kungasusa izinto ezingcolisayo futhi kubuyisele ukusebenza kwe-membrane. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanza okungafanele kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ku-membrane, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo zesayensi zokuhlanza.
Okokuqala, sungula isimiso sokuhlanza esivamile ngokusekelwe ezinkombeni zokusebenza kwesistimu, njengokwehla kokuhamba kwamanzi, ukwanda kwengcindezi yokusebenza, noma ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokukhipha usawoti emanzini. Okwesibili, khetha i-ejenti yokuhlanza efanele ngokohlobo lokungcola—isibonelo, sebenzisa izihlanzi ezine-acidic ukususa izikali ezingaphili (njenge-calcium carbonate) kanye nezihlanzi ze-alkaline ukuze ususe ukungcola okungokwemvelo kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anamandla angahambisani nezinto zolwelwesi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza, lawula ukuhlushwa kwe-ejenti yokuhlanza, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesikhathi sokuhlanza ngokuqinile. Ngemva kokuhlanza, hlanza i-membrane kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze ususe noma iyiphi i-ejenti yokuhlanza esele, engabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside uma ishiywe ngemuva.
- Qapha futhi Ulawule Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Njalo
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamanzi okuphakelayo, amanzi omkhiqizo, kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi aqinile kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele. Izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuqapha zifaka phakathi ukugcwala kwamanzi, inani le-pH, okuqukethwe yi-chlorine, izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe (i-TDS), kanye nokuqhuba komoya.
Faka amathuluzi okuqapha aku-inthanethi ukuze ulandelele lezi zinkomba ngesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, imitha yokushintsha amanzi ingakuxwayisa ngokwanda kwezinto eziqinile ezilenga emanzini okuphakelayo, okukushukumisela ukuthi uhlole futhi ufake isihlungi sangaphambi kokwelashwa. Imitha ye-pH ingasiza ekugcineni i-pH yamanzi okuphakelayo ingaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-6.5 kuya ku-8.5) ukuvimbela ukugqwala noma ukukala kwe-membrane. Ukuhlola njalo i-TDS kanye nokuqhuba kwamanzi omkhiqizo kungabonisa ukusebenza kokukhipha usawoti we-membrane—noma yikuphi ukwanda okungazelelwe kungabonisa ukulimala kwe-membrane noma ukungcola. Ngokuhlala uqaphile ngezinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi, ungabhekana nezinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zikhule, ngaleyo ndlela uvikele i-membrane futhi unciphise izindleko zokulungisa.
- Yamukela Imikhuba Efanele Yokuvala Nokugcina Izinto
Ukuvalwa okungalungile kanye nokugcinwa kwesistimu ye-RO kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kulwelwesi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukulandela izinqubo ezifanele zokuvalwa kanye nokugcinwa kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe impilo yelwelwesi.
Uma uvala uhlelo isikhathi esifushane (ngaphansi kwesonto), hlanza ulwelwesi ngamanzi omkhiqizo ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele, bese ugcina ulwelwesi lumanzi ukuze uvimbele ukoma—ukoma kungabangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka esakhiweni solwelwesi olunezimbobo. Ukuze uvale isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwesonto), sebenzisa isisombululo sokugcina (njengesixazululo se-sodium bisulfite) ukuze ucwilise ulwelwesi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlushwa kokugcina kufanelekile futhi ushintshe isisombululo njalo ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane. Ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha uhlelo, hlanza ulwelwesi kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze ususe isilondolozi, uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi omkhiqizo ahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi.
Isiphetho
Ukwandisa impilo yama-membrane e-RO nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza akuwona umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi—kudinga ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukulawula okuqinile kwemingcele yokusebenza, ukuhlanza njalo, ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi okuqhubekayo, kanye nemikhuba efanele yokuvala nokugcina. Ngokulandela lawa macebiso amahlanu, awukwazi nje ukwandisa impilo yesevisi yama-membrane e-RO, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokufakwa esikhundleni okubizayo, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-RO, ukwehlisa izindleko zamandla nokulungisa. Ukutshala isikhathi nomzamo kulezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela kuzoletha izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile kohlelo lwakho lokwelapha amanzi.