Ungayixazulula kanjani inkinga uma i-reverse osmosis membrane yehluleka?

1.Yenza izinto ezintathu kuqala: Susa "amaphutha angamanga"

Linganisa kuqala

• amageyiji okucindezela, amamitha okugeleza, kanye namamitha okuqhuba ugesi avame "ukulala": isibonelo, imitha yokugeleza ibambekile, okuzokwahlulela kabi ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi; Uma igeyiji yokucindezela ingalungile, ingase iphazanyiswe njengokucindezela okungavamile.
• Indlela elula yokulinganisa: sebenzisa i-spare pressure gauge ukuze uqhathanise amanzi okungena/ingcindezi yamanzi agxilile; Linganisa imitha yokuqhuba ngesisombululo esijwayelekile (isb. 100μS/cm) ukuqinisekisa idatha ethembekile.

Bheka idatha yomlando ukuthola "indawo yokuqala engavamile"

• Khipha amarekhodi asebenzayo enyanga eyi-1-3 edlule (uma ungawarekhodi, kufanele uwakhumbule ngesikhathi esizayo!). ), qhathanisa idatha ebalulekile ngaphambi nangemva kokwehluleka:
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kwehle? Ingabe kukhona ukwanda kwengcindezi ngesikhathi esisodwa?
• Ikhwalithi yamanzi imbi? Ingabe i-chlorine eseleyo kanye nokungcola kwamanzi agelezayo kuye kwadlula ngokuzumayo izinga elijwayelekile?
• Ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha kungakusiza ukunciphisa ububanzi, isibonelo, "ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi amancane + ukwenyuka kwengcindezi" kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kungukungcola, futhi "ukukhishwa kwamanzi okungekuhle + i-chlorine eseleyo ephezulu" kungase kube yi-membrane exoshiwe.

Linganisa ikhwalithi yamanzi anamandla ukuze uqede "izinkinga zomthombo"

• Ukungena kwamanzi "kuyisabelo" se-membrane, futhi ikhwalithi embi yamanzi iholela ngqo ekwehlulekeni, kugxilwe ezintweni ezintathu:
• Ukushisa: >1NTU = Ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kokwelashwa (isb. isihlungi sangemuva);
• I-chlorine esele: >0.1mg/L = ulwelwesi kufanele lufakwe i-oxidized (i-activated carbon kufanele ithathelwe indawo);
• Ukuqina / okuqukethwe kwe-silicon: okuphezulu kakhulu kulula ukukulinganisa, futhi uphenyo lokulandelela kufanele lugxile kukho.
• Amathiphu: Sebenzisa "indlela yokugcoba" ukukala ama-microorganisms, futhi ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kwamagciwane nakho kuzokwenza ukuthi ulwelwesi "lushaye".

2.Izimo ezintathu ezinkulu zamaphutha, uphenyo lwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo (ngemibono yesisombululo)

Isimo 1: Ukwehla okukhulu komkhiqizo wamanzi (qaphela ukwehla okungaphezu kuka-10%). Ake sibheke "inkinga engeyona eye-membrane" kuqala: Ingabe ipharamitha ayisebenzi?

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi okungena liphansi?

Ku-1° ngayinyeUkwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngo-C, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kuncishiswa ngo-2-3%! Isibonelo, uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ebanda ebusika, vula ngokushesha idivayisi yokushisa, uyilungise ibe ngu-20-25°C (izinga lokushisa elifanele kakhulu le-membrane), bese ubheka ukuthi umthamo wamanzi usubuyile yini.

• Awucindezelekile ngokwanele?

Uma ingcindezi yamanzi okungena ingaphansi kuka-1.0MPa (bheka imodeli ye-membrane, eminye ingu-1.5MPa), hlola iphampu yokucindezela okuphezulu: Ingabe ugesi ujwayelekile? Ingabe ivalvu yokungenisa ivuliwe ngokuphelele? Uma umehluko wokucindezela kwesihlungi sangaphambi kokwelashwa udlula u-0.1MPa, kufanele ihlanzwe ngemuva, futhi ingcindezi ngeke ikhuphuke uma ivinjiwe.

• Izinga lokusebenzisa kabusha liphezulu kakhulu?

Izinga lokutakula lidlula inani lomklamo ngaphezu kuka-10%, ukugcwala kwamanzi agxilile kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ulwelwesi "alukwazi ukudlula emanzini". Lungisa ivalvu yokukhuculula amanzi ejiyile ukuze unciphise izinga lokutakula, bese ubheka umthamo wamanzi.

• Hlola futhi "ulwelwesi ngokwalo": ingabe luvinjiwe noma luphukile?
• Isinyathelo 1: Hlola "Umehluko Wokucindezela Kwamanzi Okugxilile - Inrush"
  Umehluko ojwayelekile wokucindezela Ukwanda kancane kokucindezela okuhlukile (izinyanga ezingu-1-3) + ukuthambekela kwamanzi: ukungcola kwe-colloidal/organic (susa ulwelwesi olulodwa ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ungqimba olunamathelayo noma ukubekwa okuphuzi-nsundu ebusweni).
• Isinyathelo 2: Qinisekisa uhlobo lokungcola
  Ukukala okusolwayo (ubulukhuni obukhulu bokungena kwamanzi): kala ubulukhuni bamanzi agxilile, noma zama nge-pickling (i-citric acid 1-3%), uma ingagezwa, kuyi-scaling;
  Ukungcola okusolwayo kwezinto eziphilayo: hlikihla inhlabathi ebusweni be-membrane, ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ama-microorganism ngaphansi kwe-microscope, bese uwahlanza kuqala bese uwageza nge-alkali.
• Isinyathelo 3: Bheka ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo obonakalayo efilimini. Ngemva kokuqeda ukungcola nezinkinga zamapharamitha, susa igobolondo lefilimu bese uhlola:
  Indandatho yokuvala: ukuguga nokuguquka kuzoholela ekungeneni kwamanzi okugxilile, okuthinta ngokungaqondile umthamo wamanzi, zama ukushintshela kundandatho entsha yokuvala;
  I-Diaphragm: Kukhona imibimbi nokudabuka (njengokucindezela kwepompo enomfutho ophezulu ngokushesha kakhulu), futhi izingxenye ze-membrane zingashintshwa kuphela, ayikho enye indlela.

Isimo 2: Ikhwalithi embi yamanzi akhiqizwayo (ukushisa okuphezulu / i-TDS)

• Ingabe uphawu lwe-membrane element luphukile?

"Indandatho yokuvala ipayipi eliphakathi" emaphethelweni womabili e-membrane iyaguga futhi ayilungelelani kahle, futhi amanzi aqongelelwe azogeleza esuka epayipini eliphakathi aye emanzini okukhiqiza. Lapho ifilimu isusiwe, indandatho yerabha iyaqhekeka futhi iguquguquke, bese ithathelwa indawo entsha.

• Ingabe isivalo sokugcina segobolondo le-membrane siyavuza?

Faka amanzi anensipho emthungweni wesivalo sokugcina, uma kukhona amabhamuza, azovuza! Buyisela i-O-ring, qinisa ibholithi ngokulinganayo, ungayijiki ngokugoba.

✨ Amathiphu: Indlela yokuphenya nge-membrane eyodwa
Uma ama-membrane amaningi exhunywe ngokulandelana, i-membrane ngayinye ixhunywe kudivayisi yokuhlola ngokwehlukana, futhi ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kulinganiswa ngokufakwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile.

• Hlola "ukusebenza kwe-membrane" futhi: Ingabe kuyehla?
• Ukuwohloka kancane kancane (izinyanga eziyi-1-3): Ukungcola okungenzeka kakhulu

Ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo (isb., i-humic acid) kuzomboza ubuso be-membrane, kunciphise izinga lokugcinwa kwayo, bese kugezwa nge-alkali wash (i-sodium hydroxide 0.5-1%) + i-surfactant;
I-Biofilm izobhubhisa isakhiwo se-membrane, iqale ihlanze (i-sodium hypochlorite 50-100mg/L yokucwilisa), bese kuba yi-alkali wash.

• Ukuwohloka okungazelelwe (izinsuku ezingu-1-2): Qaphela "ukubola kwe-membrane"

Uma i-chlorine esele emanzini anamandla ilinganiswa > 0.1mg/L, "i-skeleton" ye-membrane (i-polyamide enuka kamnandi) izophazamiseka, futhi izinga lokugcina lizoncishiswa unomphela! Kulesi simo, ungashintsha ifilimu kuphela, futhi ngesikhathi esizayo kufanele uqaphele i-chlorine esele. Okokugcina, hlola "ukwelashwa kwangaphambili": Ingabe akuvimbeli ukungcola?

• Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili "yindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela" ehlulekayo lapho izinto ezingcolisayo zifakwa ngqo efilimini:
• Isihlungi semidiya eminingi: umehluko wokucindezela udlula u-0.15MPa ngaphandle kokuhlanza ngemuva, indle ingena efilimini;
• Isihlungi sekhabhoni esisebenzayo: sisetshenziswe isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yonyaka, ukungena kwe-chlorine okusele, ifilimu ye-oxide;
• Isihlungi esinembile: Isici sesihlungi asishintshwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-3-6, futhi izinhlayiya zivimba ulwelwesi.
• Isixazululo: Geza i-backwash, shintsha i-backwash, lungisa i-pretreatment bese ubheka ikhwalithi yamanzi.

Isimo 3: Ingcindezi yokusebenza engavamile (ukwenyuka okungazelelwe / ukwehla okungazelelwe)

• Ingabe ipayipi lokugxila livaliwe?

Hlola ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi aqinile: zama ukuyishintsha ngesandla, ingabe inamathele? Imitha yokugeleza kwamanzi ejiyile iyasuswa ukuze kuhlanzwe ukungcola okungaphakathi, futhi uma ivinjiwe, amanzi aqinile ngeke akwazi ukuphuma futhi ingcindezi izokhuphuka.

• Ingabe i-membrane runner ivinjiwe?

Ukungcola kwezinhlayiya kuzovimba umgudu wokugeleza kokuphela kokungena kwefilimu, uma kukhona ukunqwabelana kwezinhlayiya ekugcineni kokungena, hlanza ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu ngaphansi kwe-0.3MPa, ungasebenzisi umfutho ophezulu kakhulu, uzogeza ifilimu.

• Ukuvuza kohlangothi lokungena kwamanzi?

Hlola ipayipi lokungena kwamanzi, i-flange yephampu enomfutho ophezulu: ingabe kukhona ukuvuza? Uma ibhawodi ikhululiwe futhi iqinisiwe, i-gasket izoshintshwa uma iphukile, futhi ukuvuza kwamanzi kuzokwenza ingcindezi yangempela inganeli.

• Ingabe iphampu enomfutho ophezulu iphukile?

Lalela umsindo wepompo: uma kunomsindo ongajwayelekile, i-impeller igugile; Bheka ugesi: ugesi ophansi ungase ubangelwe ukungena kwepompo. Hlukanisa ipompo ukuze uyilungise, bese ushintsha ipompo uma ingasebenzi.

• Ulwelwesi luphukile?

I-diaphragm idabukile endaweni enkulu, futhi amanzi angenayo ageleza ngqo emanzini okukhiqiza, futhi ingcindezi ayikwazi ukwakhiwa, okuzoholela nasekubeni sezingeni eliphansi lamanzi. Uma kukhona imbobo, shintsha ifilimu.

• Okufanele ukwenze ngemva kophenyo: qinisekisa + qopha ukuze ugweme ukuphinda icala elilandelayo
• Qinisekisa umphumela:

uma imingcele ilungisiwe, gijima njalo amahora angama-24 ukuze ubone ukuthi umthamo wamanzi, ikhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nokucindezela sekubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile;

Uma ifilimu igezwa, izinga lokululama kwamanzi ngemva kokugezwa kufanele libe ≥ 80%, futhi ikhwalithi yamanzi kumele ihlangabezane nezinga ukuze ibhekwe njengephumelelayo;

Uma ifilimu ishintshiwe, hlanza ngomfutho ophansi imizuzu engama-30 (ngaphansi kuka-0.2MPa) ngemva kokuyishintsha, bese usebenza ngendlela evamile.

• Isikhumbuzo Sokuphepha:

Uphenyo lwesikhathi sokungasebenzi kumele luqale lunciphise ukucindezeleka! Cima iphampu enomfutho ophezulu bese uvula ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kwegobolondo le-membrane nokulimala ngesikhathi sokuyihlukanisa; Susa ifilimu bese uyiphatha ngobumnene, ungaliphuli i-membrane.

• Gcina umbhalo omuhle:

Bhala phansi inqubo yophenyo, izimbangela, kanye nezixazululo, bese uziqhathanisa ngqo namaphutha afanayo ngesikhathi esizayo, wonge isikhathi nomzamo.