Yintoni kanye kanye i-RO membrane? Fumana umbono opheleleyo kwimizuzu emi-3!

• Yintoni i-RO membrane? 

I-RO sisifinyezo se-Reverse Osmosis. I-RO membrane yi-membrane yokwenziwa engakwaziyo ukungena ngaphakathi eneempawu ezithile, eyenziwe ngokulinganisa ii-membrane zebhayoloji ezingakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi.

Ifana nesihluzo esincinci kakhulu, kodwa ubukhulu bayo bemingxuma buncinci kakhuluIimayikromitha eziyi-0.0001(elingana nesiqingatha sesigidi sobukhulu beenwele zomntu), ezinokucoca ngempumelelo ukungcola okwahlukeneyo, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neesinyithi ezinzima emanzini.

• Umgaqo wokusebenza we-RO membrane

Iimembrane ze-RO zisebenza ngomgaqo wetekhnoloji ye-reverse osmosis, nto leyo echasene nenkqubo yendalo ye-osmosis.

Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, i-osmosis ibhekisa kwinkqubo yesisombululo esinoxinzelelo oluphantsi esihamba nge-membrane enokutyibilika kancinci ukuya kwisisombululo esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kwelinye icala, i-osmosis ebuyela umva isebenzisa uxinzelelo lwangaphandle (oludla ngokufuna ipompo yamanzi) ukunyanzela iimolekyuli zamanzi kwisisombululo esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuba zihambe nge-membrane enokutyibilika kancinci ukuya kwicala elinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ngaloo ndlela zicoca amanzi.

Le nkqubo ifuna uxinzelelo oluthile, yiyo loo nto kufuneka kufakwe izicoci zamanzi ze-RO—Umbane usetyenziswa kakhulu ukuqhuba ipompo yamanzi ukuze ivelise uxinzelelo olufunekayo.

• Yintoni enokwenziwa sisihluzo se-RO membrane?

Iimembrane ze-RO zinobunono bokucoca obuphezulu kakhulu kwaye zinokususa ngempumelelo:

Ii-ion zesinyithi ezinzima, ezifana ne-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, kunye ne-chromium, ziyingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu.

Iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane:izinga lokususwa kwamanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99.99%, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela.

Isikali kunye nokungcola:Isusa ngokufanelekileyo i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ions, isombulula ingxaki yesikali.

Izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo:Ukususwa kweentsalela zezibulali-zinambuzane, ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali, njl.

Iityuwa ezinyibilikayo:Susa i-sodium egqithisileyo, i-potassium, kunye nezinye iityuwa emanzini.

Amanzi ahluzwe nge-RO membrane phantse ngamanzi acocekileyo anencasa egudileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba alungele ukuselwa ngqo.

• Imbali yoPhuhliso lweeNkumba zeRO

Itekhnoloji ye-RO ekuqaleni ayizange yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu, kodwa yenzelwe intsimi yeenqwelo-moya. Kwiminyaka yoo-1960, i-NASA yaphuhlisa itekhnoloji ye-RO ukusombulula ingxaki yamanzi okusela kwiinqwelo-moya ezisesibhakabhakeni.

Kamva, obu buchwepheshe batshintsha kancinci kancinci baba bukusetyenziswa ngabantu, kwaye basetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nokukhupha ityuwa emanzini olwandle kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi ngamayeza. Kwakungekho kude kube yiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ngokuvuthwa kobu buchwepheshe kunye nokuncipha kweendleko, apho ubuchwepheshe be-RO baqala ukungena kumakhaya aqhelekileyo.