Izvo zvinokonzeresa uye mhinduro dzekuvhara kwe reverse osmosis membrane zvinhu

1. 3 Yambiro Zviratidzo zveReverse Osmosis Membrane Blockage.

• Iyo vhoriyamu yekugadzira yakadzikira neinopfuura 10% ichienzaniswa neyekutanga kukosha, uye kumanikidza kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.
• Iyo desalination rate yakadzikira ne5%, uye iyo yakazara yakanyungudika solids (TDS) kukosha kwemvura inogadzirwa yakakwira zvakanyanya.
• Kana mutsauko wekumanikidza we membrane module ukapfuura 0.07 MPa, ruzha rwekushanda rwunowedzera.

2. 3 Mhando Dzakajairika dzekusvibiswa.

• Inorganic kusvibiswa (inonyanya kuzivikanwa)
• Chikonzero: Calcium uye magnesium ions, carbonates, sulfates, iron uye manganese ions, nezvimwewo zviripo mumvura yakasvibirira yemvura pa membrane yepamusoro seyero (yakadai se calcium carbonate uye barium sulfate), kunyanya kana chiyero chekudzorera chakanyanya uye kutonhora kwemvura kunosiyana zvakanyanya, chiitiko ichi chinowanzoitika.
• Zviratidzo zvakajairika: Musiyano wekumanikidza we membrane module unokwira nekukurumidza, huwandu hwemvura yekugadzira hunodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mhedzisiro yacho iri pachena mushure mekuchenesa nehydrochloric acid.
• Mamiriro ane njodzi huru: Kurapwa kwemvura yepasi, kuomarara kwemvura mbishi masisitimu.
• Organic kusvibiswa
• Chikonzero: Humic acid, tannin, mafuta, uye surfactants mumvura mbishi zvinonamatira kune membrane, zvichiita tsvina inonamira inovhara machani e membrane pore.
• Zviratidzo zvakajairika: Hunhu hwemvura yakasviba hunodzikira (TDS inowedzera), uye madhipoziti eyero-brown kana dema anonamira anoonekwa pa membrane pamusoro. Izvi zvinogona kubviswa zvinobudirira mushure mekugeza alkaline.
• Mamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi huru: kurapwa kwemvura yepamusoro, masisitimu ekushandiswazve kwemvura yakasvibiswa.
• Biological kusvibiswa
• Chikonzero: Zvipembenene zvakadai sebhakitiriya, fungi, uye algae mumvura yakasvibirira inowanda pamusoro pe membrane, zvichiita biofilm. Izvi hazvingovhari chete membrane pores asiwo zvinovanza zvigadzirwa zvemetabolism izvo zvinosvibisa membrane zvikamu.
• Zviratidzo zvakajairika: Iyo membrane module inoburitsa kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi, huwandu hwekugadzira mvura hunodonha zvakanyanya, uye kune huwandu hwakanyanya hwehutachiona. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nekuchenesa.
• Mamiriro ane njodzi huru: Mbishi yemvura masisitimu isina disinfection midziyo, yakanyorova uye isina kusimba nharaunda inoshanda.

3. 4-nhanho yakajairika yekuchenesa nzira

• Danho 1: Pre-kurapwa —— Bvisa mvura yekare uye gadzira mushonga wekuchenesa
• Vhara iyo reverse osmosis system, vhura iyo yekuburitsa vharafu yemvura yakadzika, uye bvisa zvachose yakasara mvura yakasvibira kubva mu membrane module.
• Gadzirira kuchenesa tangi yemvura uye gadzirira mhinduro yekuchenesa muchiyero chakatarwa (zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mvura yakasvibiswa kana mvura yakasvibiswa kudzivirira kuunza tsvina itsva):
• Alkali yekuchenesa mhinduro: 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% surfactant (yakadai sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), ine pH kukosha inodzorwa pa10 - 11;
• Pickling solution: 0.5 - 1% citric acid (kana 0.2 - 0.5% hydrochloric acid), ine pH kukosha inodzorwa pa 2 - 3;

• Danho 2: Alkali washing - Soaking + Circulation, kunyungudutsa organic/biological kusvibiswa
• Jekiseni yakagadziriswa alkaline yekuchenesa mhinduro mutangi yemvura yekuchenesa, uye wozoipomba mu membrane module kuburikidza nepombi inosimudzira (nekumanikidza kwe ≤ 0.2 MPa) kuve nechokwadi chekuti membrane zvinhu zvakanyura zvizere.
• Ivhara kuvhara kwevhavha, ita 30-60 maminetsi ekutenderera kwekuchenesa. Munguva iyi, misa muchina maminetsi ega ega gumi kwemaminetsi mashanu soak kubvumira mhinduro yekuchenesa kuti ipinde zvizere mutsvina.
• Mushure mekunge kutenderera kwapera, vhura valve yekuburitsa uye bvisa zvachose iyo alkaline yekuchenesa mhinduro. Sukurudza membrane module nemvura yakachena 2-3 nguva kusvikira tsvina isina furo kana kunhuwa.

• Nhanho 3: Acid washing - Circulation + Neutralization, kubvisa inorganic scale
• Inject iyo yakagadzirwa asidhi yekuchenesa mhinduro uye ita cyclic kuchenesa nekumanikidza kwe ≤ 0.2 MPa kwemaminetsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana. Munguva iyi, panofanira kuva nemaminitsi gumi ekunyura.
• Tarisa pakuchenesa iyo inopinza yekupedzisira ye membrane module (iyo nzvimbo ine yakadzika chiyero), uye iwe unogona zvakakodzera kuwedzera nguva yekutenderera.
• Mushure mekuita pickling kwapera, pakarepo sukurudza nemvura yakachena kusvikira pH kukosha kwemvura yadzokera kune kwaakarerekera (6.5 - 7.5). Dzivisa kusiya chero asidhi yakasara inogona kukanganisa membrane zvinhu.

• Nhanho 4: Post-processing - Pilot run, tarisa kuchenesa maitiro
• Tanga iyo reverse osmosis system uye ita yakaderera-kumanikidza bvunzo kumhanya (kumanikidza 0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Tarisa zviratidzo zvakadai sehuwandu hwemvura yekugadzira uye desalination rate:
• Kana huwandu hwekugadzira mvura huchidzokera kune inopfuura 90% yekutanga kukosha uye desalination rate inodzokera kune yakajairika, inoratidza kuti nzira yekuchenesa yakabudirira.
• Kana mhedzisiro yacho isingagutsi, unogona kudzokorora "alkali washing → acid washing" maitiro kamwe chete. Usapfuure 2 nguva (kunyanya kugeza kuchakuvadza membrane pore saizi).
• Mushure mekuedza kweawa imwe chete, kuyera kukosha kweTDS, kuyerera kwehuwandu uye kusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura inogadzirwa, rekodha data uye uienzanise nedheta usati wacheneswa. Zvadaro, gadzira faira rekugadzirisa.

Zvinyorwa zvakakosha:

• Kushandiswa kwekuchenesa zvigadziriso zvine chlorine kana oxidants (senge 84 disinfectant) zvinorambidzwa zvachose mukati mekuita, sezvo vachigona oxidize zvinhu zvemufirimu.
• Paunenge uchichenesa, kudzvinyirira hakufanirwe kudarika 0.3MPa, uye kuyerera kunofanirwa kudzorwa pa50-70% yeyero yakatemerwa kuyerera kweyero kuti udzivise kukwirira-kudzvinyirira kunokanganisa membrane pores.
• Kana kusvibiswa kwebhaibheri kwakanyanya, inogona kunyudzwa mu 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kana yakakosha reverse osmosis membrane biocide kwemaminitsi gumi isati yasukwa alkaline, uyezve kuchenesa nguva dzose kunogona kuitwa.

4. 3 Mazano ekuderedza Membrane Blockage

• Simbisa pre-kugadziriswa kwemvura yakasvibira: Isa pre-mafirita uye activated kabhoni mafirita kuti ubvise zvimedu zvakakura, organic zvinhu uye yakasara chlorine kubva mumvura mbishi.
• Dzora maitiro ekushanda: Chiyero chekudzorera chinokurudzirwa kuchengetwa pasi pe75%. Gara uchigezesa membrane modules (flush kwemaminetsi mashanu isati yatanga yega uye kwemaminitsi gumi mushure mekuvhara).
• Nguva dzose kugadzirisa: Kuchenesa kamwe chete pamwedzi 3-6 (nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya dzinoda kucheneswa kamwe chete pamwedzi 1-2). Munguva yekuvhara kwenguva refu, nyudza iyo membrane modules mune 1% sodium bisulfite mhinduro kudzivirira kukura kwema microorganisms.

5. Muzviitiko izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva membrane zvinhu zvakananga!

• Kana imwe yeanotevera mamiriro akaitika, inoratidza kuti membrane element yakakuvara isingachinjike uye kuchenesa hakugone kuidzosera. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuitsiva nekukurumidza:
• Mushure mekuchenesa, kubuda kwemvura kwakaramba kuri pasi pe70% yekutanga kukosha, uye desalination rate yakaderera neanopfuura 10%.
• Izvo zvikamu zve membrane zvakakuvadzwa kana kudonha (kuonekwa kuburikidza nekumanikidzwa kuyedzwa);
• Iyo membrane zvinhu zvine hupenyu hwesevhisi hunopfuura makore matatu (yakajairika hupenyu), asi kuita kwavo kunoramba kuchiipa.