Tasirin membrane osmosis na baya akan tasirin magani na halayen ruwa daban-daban

A cikin aikace-aikacen osmosis na baya (RO), ingancin ruwa yana haifar da tasiri na farko akan aikin membrane, rarrabuwar ruwa, ƙirjin gishiri, ƙazantawa, yawan kuzari, da mitar tsaftacewa. Ruwan saman da ke da wadatar abubuwa masu ƙyalƙyali da na halitta (NOM) suna haɓaka kwayoyin halitta da na halitta, yayin da ruwan ƙasa ko tushen ƙwaƙƙwaran da ke da tauri, silica, da ions na ƙarfe suna haifar da ƙalubale na ɓarna na inorganic. Babban salinity na Seawater yana buƙatar haɓakar matsi na aiki wanda ke ƙara ƙima da samuwar biofilm. Magudanar ruwan sha, wanda ke ɗauke da narkar da kwayoyin halitta da micropollutants, na iya yin ɓarna cikin sauri, suna buƙatar tsayayyen tsari da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin tsaftacewa. A cikin waɗannan mahallin, gyare-gyaren da aka keɓance, zaɓin membrane mai juriya, da ingantacciyar kulawar aiki suna da mahimmanci don dorewar ingancin RO da tsawon rai.

Gabatarwa
Reverse osmosis (RO) yana raba ruwa daga narkar da solutes ta hanyar yin amfani da matsa lamba na hydraulic a kan wani maɓalli mai yuwuwa. RO yanzu yana da sama da kashi 65% na ƙarfin ƙera ruwa a duniya, yana mai nuna babban rawar da yake takawa wajen kula da ruwa da sake amfani da shi. Duk da haka, aikin membrane yana da matukar damuwa don ciyar da halayen ruwa-nauyin kwayoyin halitta, abun da ke ciki na ionic, kwayoyin halitta, da kuma aikin nazarin halittu - duk wanda zai iya rage hawan jini, ƙananan ƙirjin gishiri, haɓaka amfani da makamashi, da kuma rage rayuwar sabis na membrane.

Nau'in Ruwan Ciyar da Tasirinsu
Ruwan Sama
Tushen saman (koguna, tafkuna) galibi suna ƙunshe da manyan matakan daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar, turbidity, da NOM, wanda ke haifar da saurin ɓarkewar membrane da toshe sararin samaniya idan ba a riga an riga an gyara shi ba. Karamin pretreatment na saman ruwa ya kasa daidaita aikin RO, yayin da barbashi da kwayoyin halitta suka taru akan saman membrane, yana haifar da polarization na maida hankali da lalata.

Ruwan Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ruwa / Ruwa
Ruwan cikin ƙasa mara nauyi yana da matsakaicin salinity da tauri, yana rage matsa lamba osmotic idan aka kwatanta da ruwan teku amma yana haɓaka haɗarin calcium carbonate da silica scaling. Silica scaling, musamman, yana da wuyar hanawa tare da maganin antiscalants na al'ada, yana buƙatar dabarun sarrafawa na musamman don adana juzu'i da kuma guje wa ɓarna mara jurewa.

Ruwan teku
Seawater RO (SWRO) yana aiki a babban matsin lamba (yawanci 55-80 mashaya) don shawo kan matsalolin osmotic na ~ 25-30 mashaya, wanda ya kara yawan buƙatar makamashi kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙwayar membrane da lalata. Inorganic scaling (calcium sulfate, carbonate) da biofouling suna da yawa kuma suna buƙatar tsauraran maganin antiscalant, sarrafa biofilm, da tsaftacewa akai-akai.

Ruwan Sharar Ruwa
Maganin RO na gundumomi ko masana'antu masu zubar da ruwa suna magance babban lodi na narkar da kwayoyin halitta, micropollutants, da sauran magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da mummunan kwayoyin halitta da biofouling. Matsalolin WWTP na asibiti da aka yi amfani da su tare da polyamide RO membranes suna nuna raguwa mai yawa a cikin TDS da COD amma suna fama da saurin raguwa ba tare da tacewar preRO da yanayin aiki mai sarrafawa ba.

Tasiri kan Ayyukan Membrane
Hanyoyi masu lalata
Ƙunƙarar halitta ta taso daga adsorption na mahadi masu ƙarancin nauyi (LMWOC) akan saman membrane da kuma cikin pores, yana hana ruwa ruwa. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayoyin cuta ya haɗa da hazo na gishiri masu narkewa (misali, calcium carbonate, sulfate) akan fuskar membrane, ƙirƙirar ma'auni mai tsauri wanda ke toshe pores kuma yana lalata layin aiki. Biofouling, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓakar biofilm, yana ƙara rage juzu'i kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙira na gida.

Sikeli
Calcium sulfate da carbonate scaling yawanci faruwa a lokacin da taurin ions wuce solubility iyakoki a cikin membrane surface, kara da taro polarization. Silica, wanda yake a matsayin nau'in nau'in colloidal ko narkar da shi, yana samar da ma'auni mai ƙarfi, ma'auni mai ƙarfi waɗanda ke tsayayya da magungunan gargajiya na gargajiya, musamman a cikin tsarin RO ruwa mai ƙima.

Ƙirƙiri a kan masu sarari na Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwar Gishiri
Juyin juzu'i yana ƙaruwa tare da matsa lamba na transmembrane amma plateaus saboda raɗaɗin raɗaɗi da tasiri. Matsakaicin matsi kaɗan yana haɓaka ƙin yarda da gishiri, duk da haka sama da mafi kyawun jeri na iya rage ƙin yarda saboda ƙarin tilastawa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar lahani da yadudduka masu ɓarna.

Amfanin Makamashi da Matsalolin Aiki
Zazzagewa da sikelin suna haɓaka juriya na hydraulic, yana buƙatar matsananciyar abinci don kiyaye juzu'i, don haka haɓaka takamaiman amfani da makamashi (SEC) da farashin aiki. Tsabtace hawan keke ya zama mafi akai-akai, yana ƙara ƙara amfani da sinadarai da raguwa.

Dabarun Ragewa
Magani
Ingantacciyar magani - coagulation, tacewar watsa labarai, ultrafiltration - yana kawar da ɓarna da NOM, yana kawar da yuwuwar lalata da daidaita aikin RO. Don ruwan saman ƙasa, matattarar kafofin watsa labaru biyu da ƙarar tallan carbon da aka kunna suna rage lodin kwayoyin halitta da kare tsarin RO na ƙasa.

Tsaftacewa da Antiscalants
Jiki (wakewar baya, gaba gaba) da sinadarai (acids, alkalis, oxidants) ƙa'idodin tsaftacewa sun yi niyya ga takamaiman nau'ikan ɓarna - kwayoyin halitta, inorganics, biofilms - don dawo da juzu'i da ƙi. Magungunan antiscalant, daidaitawar pH, da magungunan antifoaming suna taimakawa hana sikelin sikelin da samuwar biofilm.

Gyaran Fannin Membrane
Ci gaba na baya-bayan nan a cikin gyaran ƙasa (misali, polyacrylic acid, grapheneoxide coatings) sun samar da membranes tare da mafi santsi, ƙarin hydrophilic, da mummunan cajin saman, haɓaka juriya da juriya.

Nazarin Harka

• Tsabtace Ruwa a Tunisiya: Cikakkun masana'anta ya nuna tsayayyen aiki na dogon lokaci tare da tsaftacewa na lokaci-lokaci; Halayen ɓarna ya bayyana gauraye-yatsun halittu-inorganic da ke buƙatar tsarin tsaftacewa.
• Asibiti WWTP Sake Amfani da Ruwan Ruwa: Polyamide RO membranes sun rage TDS daga ~ 1 500 mg/L zuwa 90%, amma jujjuyawar ruwa ya ƙi ta 25 % sama da kwanaki 30 ba tare da ingantaccen pretreatment da ingantaccen saitunan matsa lamba ba.

Ƙarshe
Ingancin ruwa shine babban abin da ke sarrafa aikin RO membrane. Ruwan saman saman yana buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi da cire NOM; tushen brackish yana buƙatar silica da sarrafa taurin; Dole ne maganin ruwa na teku ya daidaita aiki mai ƙarfi tare da sarrafa sikelin; magudanan ruwan sha suna kira ga tsaftataccen magani da tsabtace tsabta. Sabuntawa a cikin kayan membrane, dabarun riga-kafi, da sa ido na ɓarna na ainihin lokacin suna ci gaba da haɓaka juriyar RO da inganci a cikin halayen ruwa daban-daban. Yin aiki daidai da waɗannan dabarun yana tabbatar da ayyukan RO mai ɗorewa, tsawon rayuwar membrane, da ingantaccen samar da ingantaccen ruwa mai inganci.