I-Evolution yama-Seawater RO Membranes
Indaba ye-seawater RO membranes iqala ngawo-1960. Ososayensi uSidney Loeb noSrinivasa Sourirajan basungula ulwelwesi lokuqala lwe-RO phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Umsebenzi wabo omkhulu wavula indlela yobuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti emanzini, okwasivumela ukuba siguqule amanzi olwandle abe amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokuphawulekayo, ngo-1961, uMongameli wase-United States uJohn F. Kennedy wagunyaza ukuchithwa kwamanzi olwandle njengomsebenzi kazwelonke, eqaphela ukubaluleka kwawo ezifundeni ezingenawo amanzi.
U-Alexander Zarchin, unjiniyela wakwa-Israel, udale inqubo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini okushisayo eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-60 edlule. Ikhuthazwe umhloli wamazwe wase-Arctic owathola amanzi okuphuza eqhweni elincibilikile, umsebenzi omusha ka-Zarchin wavula indlela yentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti emanzini. Indlela yakhe yayihilela ukuqanda amanzi olwandle endaweni engenalutho, evumela iqhwa ukuba likhiphe usawoti, bese eqoqa amanzi ahlanzekile aphumayo kuyilapho eqoqa usawoti. Kusukela lapho, ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini kuye kwaqhubeka nokuvela, okuhlinzeka ngesixazululo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi okusimeme emhlabeni wonke.
I-Reverse osmosis iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle. Kuhilela ukuphoqelela amanzi ngolwelwesi olungenakunyakaziswa oluvumela ngokukhetha ama-molecule amanzi ukuba adlule ngenkathi evimba usawoti kanye nokungcola. Amanzi ahlanzekile aqoqwe ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-membrane, eshiya ngemuva kwe-brine egxilile. I-RO ikhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usawoti omningi kangakanani. Ingadla amandla kagesi futhi idinga ingqalasizinda ebalulekile. Ukwengeza, ukuphatha imfucuza ye-brine enobuthi kuyinselele. Amanzi olwandle namanzi anosawoti omningi. Ukuhwamuka nokumpompa kungadla amahora angama-80 wamamegawathi ngemegalitha yamanzi akhiqizwayo. EMpumalanga Ephakathi, izitshalo zivame ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuyimfucuza okuvela ezitshalweni zamandla eziseduze namafutha ashibhile ukuze kukhishwe usawoti emanzini ashisayo.
I-Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) iyinqubo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini esebenzisa ulwelwesi olukhethekile ukuze kukhishwe usawoti kanye nokungcola emanzini olwandle. Lawa ma-membrane asetshenziswa kwezentengiso kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Ngokungafani nezindlela ezivamile zokukhipha usawoti emanzini ezidinga ukushisa noma izinguquko zesigaba, i-SWRO incike kulwelwesi, okuyenza isebenzise amandla kakhudlwana.
Ngokushesha sibheke osukwini lwanamuhla, futhi sithola i-HID Membrane Co., Ltd. ihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni ulwelwesi lwe-RO. Isungulwe ngo-2008, i-HID isibe ngumdlali ovelele embonini, ngaphakathi kwe-China nasemhlabeni jikelele.