Izixazululo ezijwayelekile ezingama-25 zenkinga ye-reverse osmosis membrane technology (Ingxenye 1)

2024-06-21

Ngokuvamile, lapho ukugeleza okujwayelekile kwehla ngo-10-15%, noma izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini lehla ngo-10-15%, noma ingcindezi yokusebenza kanye nomehluko wengcindezi yesigaba esiphakathi kwenyuka ngo-10-15%, uhlelo lwe-RO kufanele luhlanzwe. Imvamisa yokuhlanza ihlobene ngqo nezinga lokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwesistimu. Lapho i-SDI15

1.Kufanele kuhlanzwe kaningi kangakanani uhlelo lwe-osmosis?

2.Iyini i-SDI?

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhlola ukungcoliswa kwe-colloid ekungeneni kwezinhlelo ze-RO/NF okwamanje ukukala inkomba ye-sedimentation density index (SDI) yokungena, okuyipharamitha ebalulekile okufanele inqunywe ngaphambi kokuklama kwe-RO. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-RO/NF, izilinganiso ezijwayelekile kufanele zithathwe (izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku emanzini angaphezulu). I-ASTM D4189-82 icacisa izinga lalokhu kuhlolwa. Isidingo samanzi angenayo wesistimu ye-membrane ukuthi inani le-SDI15 kufanele libe ≤ 5. Ubuchwepheshe obuphumelelayo bokunciphisa ukuphathwa kwangaphambili kwe-SDI buhlanganisa izihlungi ze-multimedia, i-ultrafiltration, i-microfiltration, njll. Ukwengeza i-polymeric dielectric ngaphambi kokuhlunga ngezinye izikhathi kungathuthukisa ukuhlunga ngokomzimba okukhulunywe ngenhla futhi kunciphise inani le-SDI.

3.Ingabe inqubo ye-osmosis ehlehlayo noma inqubo yokushintshisana ye-ion isetshenziselwe ukungena okuvamile?

Ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokungena, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ion exchange resin noma i-osmosis ehlehlayo kungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe, futhi ukukhetha kwenqubo kufanele kunqunywe ngokuqhathanisa kwezomnotho. Ngokuvamile, lapho usawoti uphezulu, yilapho i-osmosis eyongayo iyancipha, kuyilapho usawoti uyancipha, ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion kuya konga kakhulu. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe be-osmosis obuhlanekezelwe, inhlanganisela yenqubo yokushintshanisa i-osmosis+ion ehlehlayo noma i-osmosis ehlehlayo enezigaba eziningi noma i-osmosis ehlehlisayo+obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti emanzini obujulile isiphenduke ubuchwepheshe obaziwayo kanye nekhambi lokwelapha amanzi elinengqondo ngokwezomnotho. Uma udinga ukuqonda okwengeziwe, sicela uxhumane nommeleli wenkampani yobunjiniyela yokuhlanza amanzi. Mingaki iminyaka engasetshenziswa ngokuhlehlisa izingxenye ze-osmosis membrane? Impilo yesevisi ye-membrane incike ekuzinzeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali, ukuzinza komzimba kwezingxenye, ukushaqeka, umthombo wamanzi ongenisa amanzi, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukuhlanza imvamisa, kanye nezinga lokuphatha lokusebenza. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa komnotho, ngokuvamile kungaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.

Mingaki iminyaka engasetshenziswa ngokuhlehlisa izingxenye ze-osmosis membrane?

Impilo yesevisi ye-membrane incike ekuzinzeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali, ukuzinza komzimba kwezingxenye, ukushaqeka, umthombo wamanzi ongenisa amanzi, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukuhlanza imvamisa, kanye nezinga lokuphatha lokusebenza. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa komnotho, ngokuvamile kungaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.

4.Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-nanofiltration?

I-Nanofiltration ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwe-membrane olutholakala phakathi kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-ultrafiltration. I-Reverse osmosis ingasusa i-solute encane kakhulu enesisindo sengqamuzana esingaphansi kwama-micrometer angu-0.0001, kuyilapho i-nanofiltration ingasusa ama-solutes ngesisindo se-molecular esingama-micrometer angu-0.001. I-Nanofiltration iwuhlobo lwe-osmosis ephansi ye-low-pressure reverse, esetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi ahlanzekile kungenakho ukuqina ikakhulukazi. I-Nanofiltration ifaneleka ukwelapha amanzi omthombo namanzi angaphezulu. I-Nanofiltration ifaneleka kumasistimu okwelapha amanzi angadingi amazinga aphezulu okukhipha usawoti emanzini njenge- reverse osmosis, kodwa abe nekhono eliphezulu lokususa izingxenye zobulukhuni, ngezinye izikhathi okubhekiselwa kuzo ngokuthi "ulwelwesi oluthambisayo." Amasistimu we-Nanofiltration anengcindezi ephansi yokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kunezinhlelo zawo ze-osmosis ezihambisanayo.

5.Liyini ikhono lokuhlukanisa lobuchwepheshe be-membrane?

I-Reverse osmosis njengamanje iwubuchwepheshe obunembe kakhulu bokuhlunga uketshezi. Amangqamuzana e-osmosis ahlehlayo agcina ama-molecule ezinto ezingaphili njengosawoti oncibilikayo nezinto eziphilayo ezinesisindo samangqamuzana angaphezu kuka-100. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-molecule amanzi angadlula ngokukhululekile kulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, futhi izinga elivamile lokukhipha usawoti oncibilikayo li>95-99%. Ingcindezi yokusebenza isuka kumabha angu-7 (100 psi) emanzini anosawoti kuya kumabha angu-69 (1000 psi) emanzini olwandle. I-Nanofiltration ingasusa ukungcola ezinhlayiyeni ku-1nm (10A) nezinto eziphilayo ezinesisindo samangqamuzana esikhulu kune-200-400. Izinga lokususwa kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo zingama-20-98%. Izinga lokukhishwa likasawoti eliqukethe ama-anion amonovalent (njenge-NaCl noma i-CaCl2) lingama-20-80%, kuyilapho usawoti oqukethe ama-anion e-divalent (njenge-MgSO4) anezinga eliphezulu lokususwa elingu-90-98%. I-Ultrafiltration inomphumela wokuhlukanisa kuma-macromolecules amakhulu kunama-angstroms angu-100-1000 (ama-micrometer angu-0.01-0.1). Wonke usawoti oncibilikayo nama-molecule amancane angadlula kulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration, futhi izinto ezingasuswa zihlanganisa ama-colloid, amaprotheni, ama-microorganisms, kanye ne-macromolecular organic matter. Ukugcinwa kwesisindo se-molecular of most ultrafiltration membranes kusuka ku-1000 kuya ku-100000. Ububanzi bokususwa kwezinhlayiyana nge-microfiltration cishe bungama-micrometer angu-0.1-1. Ngokuvamile, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe kanye nama-colloid ezinhlayiyana ezinkulu zinganqanyulwa ukuze kwakhiwe ama-molecule amakhulu nosawoti oncibilikayo.