Izisombululo ezingama-25 eziqhelekileyo zengxaki yetekhnoloji ye-osmosis ebuyela umva (iCandelo loku-1)

2024-06-21

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa i-flux esemgangathweni iyancipha ngo-10-15%, okanye izinga lokukhupha ityuwa kwinkqubo liyancipha nge-10-15%, okanye uxinzelelo lokusebenza kunye nokwahlukana kwecandelo loxinzelelo lwandiswe nge-10-15%, inkqubo ye-RO kufuneka ihlambuluke. I-frequency yokucoca ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo lonyango lwangaphambili lwenkqubo. Xa i-SDI15

1.Ifanele icocwe kangaphi inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva?

2.Yintoni i-SDI?

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuvavanya ungcoliseko lwe-colloid ekungeneni kweenkqubo ze-RO/NF okwangoku kukulinganisa i-sedimentation density index (SDI) yokungena, eyipharamitha ebalulekileyo ekufuneka igqitywe phambi koyilo lwe-RO. Ngethuba lokusebenza kwe-RO / NF, imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo kufuneka ithathwe (i-2-3 amaxesha ngosuku kumanzi angaphezulu). I-ASTM D4189-82 ichaza umgangatho wolu vavanyo. Imfuno yokungena kwamanzi kwi-membrane yenkqubo kukuba ixabiso le-SDI15 kufuneka libe ≤ 5. Iteknoloji esebenzayo yokunciphisa i-SDI yangaphambili ibandakanya izihlungi ze-multimedia, i-ultrafiltration, i-microfiltration, njl.

3.Ngaba inkqubo ye-osmosis yokubuyisela umva okanye inkqubo yotshintshiselwano ye-ion isetyenziselwe ukungena ngokubanzi?

Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezininzi zokungena, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ion exchange resin okanye i-osmosis ye-reverse inokwenzeka ngokobugcisa, kwaye ukhetho lwenkqubo kufuneka lugqitywe ngokuthelekisa uqoqosho. Ngokubanzi, okukhona uphezulu isiqulatho setyuwa, kokukhona i-osmosis eyongayo ibuyela umva, ngelixa isezantsi isiqulatho setyuwa, kokukhona ukutshintshiselana kwe-ion kunoqoqosho. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kwetekhnoloji ye-osmosis ebuyela umva, indibaniselwano yenkqubo yokutshintsha i-osmosis + ion okanye i-osmosis enamanqanaba amaninzi okanye i-osmosis ebuyela umva + obunye ubuchwephesha bokukhupha ityuwa bube bubuchwephesha obamkelweyo kunye nesisombululo sokucocwa kwamanzi esinengqikelelo ngokwezoqoqosho. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ngakumbi, nceda uqhagamshelane nommeli wenkampani yobunjineli yonyango lwamanzi. Mingaphi iminyaka enokuthi iguqulwe i-osmosis inwebu ye-membrane ngokubanzi isetyenziswe? Ubomi benkonzo ye-membrane buxhomekeke ekuzinzeni kwayo kweekhemikhali, ukuzinza ngokomzimba kwamacandelo, ukuhlamba, umthombo wamanzi ongenayo, unyango lwangaphambili, ukucoca rhoqo, kunye nenqanaba lokulawula ukusebenza. Ngokohlalutyo lwezoqoqosho, ngokuqhelekileyo lungaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.

Mingaphi iminyaka enokuthi iguqulwe i-osmosis inwebu ye-membrane ngokubanzi isetyenziswe?

Ubomi benkonzo ye-membrane buxhomekeke ekuzinzeni kwayo kweekhemikhali, ukuzinza ngokomzimba kwamacandelo, ukuhlamba, umthombo wamanzi ongenayo, unyango lwangaphambili, ukucoca rhoqo, kunye nenqanaba lokulawula ukusebenza. Ngokohlalutyo lwezoqoqosho, ngokuqhelekileyo lungaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.

4.Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-osmosis eguqukayo kunye ne-nanofiltration?

I-Nanofiltration yitekhnoloji yokwahlula inwebu yelwelwe ebekwe phakathi kwe-osmosis engasemva kunye ne-ultrafiltration. Ukubuyisela i-osmosis kunokususa eyona nto incinci i-solute ene-molecular weight engaphantsi kwe-0.0001 micrometers, ngelixa i-nanofiltration inokususa i-solutes kunye nobunzima be-molecular malunga ne-0.001 micrometers. I-Nanofiltration luhlobo lwe-osmosis ephantsi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, olusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukucoceka kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo akungqongqo ngokukodwa. I-Nanofiltration ifanelekile ukunyanga kakuhle amanzi kunye namanzi angaphezulu. I-Nanofiltration ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zonyango zamanzi ezingadingi amazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa kwetyuwa njenge-osmosis eguqukayo, kodwa ibe namandla aphezulu okususa amacandelo obunzima, ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba "yi-membrane ethambisayo." Iinkqubo ze-Nanofiltration zinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kuneendlela zabo ezihambelanayo ze-osmosis.

5.Yintoni isakhono sokwahlula iteknoloji inwebu?

I-Reverse osmosis ngoku yeyona teknoloji ichanekileyo yokucoca ulwelo. Reverse osmosis inwebu zigcina iimolekyuli ezingaphiliyo ezifana neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinobunzima bemolekyuli obungaphezu kwe-100. Kwelinye icala, iimolekyuli zamanzi zinokudlula ngokukhululekileyo kwiinwebu ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva, kwaye isantya sokususa esiqhelekileyo seetyuwa ezinyibilikayo si>95-99%. Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo luvela kwi-7 bar (100 psi) yamanzi e-brackish ukuya kwi-69 bar (1000 psi) yamanzi olwandle. I-Nanofiltration inokususa ukungcola kwiinqununu kwi-1nm (10A) kunye ne-organic matter ene-molecular weight than 200-400. Izinga lokususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikayo ngama-20-98%. Izinga lokususwa kweetyuwa eziqulethe i-anion e-monovalent (efana ne-NaCl okanye i-CaCl2) yi-20-80%, ngelixa i-salts ene-divalent anion (efana ne-MgSO4) inezinga eliphezulu lokususa i-90-98%. I-Ultrafiltration inefuthe lokwahlula kwii-macromolecules ezinkulu kune-100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometers). Zonke iityuwa ezinyibilikayo kunye neamolekyu ezincinci zinokudlula kwiimbrane ze-ultrafiltration, kwaye izinto ezinokususwa ziquka i-colloids, iiprotheni, i-microorganisms, kunye ne-macromolecular organic matter. Ukugcinwa kwe-molecular weight of most ultrafiltration membranes ranges ukusuka kwi-1000 ukuya kwi-100000. Uluhlu lokususwa kwamaqhekeza nge-microfiltration malunga ne-0.1-1 micrometers. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-solids emisiwe kunye ne-particle colloids enkulu inokubanjwa ukwenza iimolekyuli ezinkulu kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo.