Tšusumetso ea lera la reverse osmosis ho phello ea kalafo ea litšoaneleho tse fapaneng tsa metsi

Lits'ebetsong tsa reverse osmosis (RO), boleng ba metsi a phepelo bo na le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea membrane, ho laela phallo ea metsi, ho hana letsoai, ho senya, tšebeliso ea matla le khafetsa ea ho hloekisa. Metsi a ka holim'a metsi a nang le likaroloana tse ngata le lintho tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho (NOM) a khothalletsa manyolo le biofouling, athe metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše kapa mehloli ea letsoai e khetholloang ka ho thatafala, silika, le li-ion tsa tšepe li baka mathata a sa tsitsang le a ho lekanya. Letsoai le phahameng la metsi a leoatle le hloka likhatello tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso tse mpefatsang sekala le sebopeho sa biofilm . Mekelikeli ea metsi a litšila, e tletseng lintho tse qhibilihang le lintho tse silafatsang lintho tse nyenyane, li ka silafatsa li-membrane ka potlako, li batla hore li hlokomeloe esale pele le hore ho sebelisoe melaoana e matla ea ho hloekisa. Ho pholletsa le maemo ana, boits'oaro bo hlophisitsoeng, khetho e bohlale ea membrane, le taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso li bohlokoa ho ts'ehetsa ts'ebetso ea RO le bophelo bo bolelele.

Selelekela
Reverse osmosis (RO) e arola metsi ho li-solute tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka ho sebelisa khatello ea hydraulic ho pholletsa le lera le semipermeable. Hona joale RO e ikarabella ho feta 65% ea matla a lefats'e a ho tlosa letsoai, e totobatsang karolo ea eona ea mantlha ho hloekisoeng ha metsi le ho sebelisoa hape. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea membrane e na le kutloelo-bohloko haholo bakeng sa litšobotsi tsa metsi-moroalo oa tlhaho, sebopeho sa ionic, ntho e itseng, le ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko-tseo kaofela li ka fokotsang phallo ea metsi, ho hana letsoai le tlaase, ho phahamisa tšebeliso ea matla, le ho khutsufatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea membrane.

Mefuta ea Metsi a Fepang le Liphello Tsa Tsona
Metsi a kaholimo
Mehloli e ka holim'a metsi (linōka, matša) hangata e na le maemo a phahameng a matla a fanyehiloeng, moferefere, le NOM, e lebisang ho senyeha ha lera ka potlako le ho koala ha spacer haeba e sa etsoa ka mokhoa o lekaneng. Ts'ebetso e nyane ea metsi a holim'a metsi e hloleha ho tsitsisa ts'ebetso ea RO, joalo ka ha likaroloana le lintho tse phelang li bokellana holim'a membrane, e leng se bakang polarization le litšila.

Metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše / Metsi a Brackish
Metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše a Brackish a na le letsoai le boima bo itekanetseng, a fokotsa khatello ea osmotic ha a bapisoa le metsi a leoatle empa a eketsa likotsi tsa calcium carbonate le silica scaling. Silica scaling, haholo-holo, ho thata ho thibela ka li-antiscalants tse tloaelehileng, tse hlokang mekhoa e khethehileng ea ho laola ho boloka phallo le ho qoba litšila tse ke keng tsa fetoloa.

Metsi a leoatle
Seawater RO (SWRO) e sebetsa ka likhatello tse phahameng (hangata 55-80 bar) ho hlola likhatello tsa osmotic tsa ~ 25-30 bar, e leng se eketsang tlhokahalo ea matla le ho tiisa ho kopana ha membrane le ho senyeha. Inorganic scaling (calcium sulfate, carbonate) le biofouling li atile 'me li hloka hore ho be le tekanyo e matla ea antiscalan, taolo ea biofilm, le ho hloekisa khafetsa.

Metsi a litšila
Phekolo ea RO ea metsi a litšila a 'masepala kapa a indasteri e sebetsana le lintho tse ngata tse qhibilihisitsoeng, li-micropollutants le li-disinfectants tse setseng, tse lebisang ho chefo e matla ea organic le biofouling. Litšila tsa sepetlele tsa WWTP tse tšoaroang ka li-membrane tsa polyamide RO li bonts'a phokotso e kholo ho TDS le COD empa li fokotseha ka potlako ntle le ho sefa preRO le maemo a ts'ebetso a laoloang.

Liphello Ts'ebetsong ea Membrane
Mekhoa ea ho Foula
Ho silafatsoa ha lintho ka tlhaho ho hlaha ka lebaka la adsorption ea lowmolecularweight organic compounds (LMWOC) holim'a lera le ka har'a masoba, e sitisang ho kenella ha metsi. Inorganic fouling e kenyelletsa ho na ha letsoai le qhibilihang ka mokhoa o fokolang (mohlala, calcium carbonate, sulfate) sefahlehong sa lera, ho etsa makhekhebu a thata a thibelang masoba le ho senya lera le sebetsang. Biofouling, e khannoang ke ho amahanngoa le likokoana-hloko le kholo ea biofilm, e fokotsa ho phalla le ho khothalletsa ho eketseha ha libaka.

Katoloso
Calcium sulfate le carbonate scaling hangata li etsahala ha li-ion tse thata li feta meeli ea ho qhibiliha ka holim'a lera, li potlakisoa ke polarization ea mahloriso. Silika, e teng e le mefuta ea colloidal kapa e qhibilihisitsoeng, e etsa li-deposit tse thata, tse tsitsitseng tse hananang le li-antiscalants tsa setso, haholo-holo tsamaisong ea metsi a brackish RO.

Ho phahamisa li-spacers tsa Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Permeate Flux le Ho Hana Letsoai
Permeate flux e eketseha ka khatello ea transmembrane empa sehlaba ka lebaka la polarization ea mahloriso le litlamorao tsa compaction. Likhatello tse phahameng ka mokhoa o fokolang li ntlafatsa ho lahloa ha letsoai, empa ka nqane ho maemo a nepahetseng a ka fokotsa ho lahloa ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha matla a matla a solutes ka bofokoli le likarolo tse mpe.

Tšebeliso ea Matla le Khatello ea Ts'ebetso
Ho senya le ho phahamisa ho phahamisa khanyetso ea hydraulic, ho hloka likhatello tse phahameng tsa phepelo ho boloka phallo, kahoo ho eketsa tšebeliso e khethehileng ea matla (SEC) le litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso. Lipotoloho tsa ho hloekisa li fetoha khafetsa, 'me li eketsa tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale le nako ea ho phomola.

Mekhoa ea ho Fokotsa
Phekolo esale pele
Tšebeliso e sebetsang ea pele-ho kopanya, ho hloekisa mecha ea litaba, ultrafiltration-ho tlosa likaroloana le NOM, ho thibela bokhoni ba ho senya le ho tsitsisa ts'ebetso ea RO. Bakeng sa metsi a ka holim'a metsi, li-filters tse peli tsa media le adsorption e kentsoeng ea khabone e fokotsa ho kenya lintho le ho sireletsa li-module tsa RO.

Ho hloekisa le li-Antiscalants
Li-protocol tsa ho hloekisa tsa 'mele (ho hlatsoa ka morao, ho ea pele) le lik'hemik'hale (li-acids, alkalis, oxidants) li lebisa tlhokomelo ho mefuta e itseng ea foulant-organics, inorganics, biofilms-ho tsosolosa phallo le ho lahloa. Antiscalant dosing, pH adjustment, le li-antifoaming agents li thusa ho thibela nucleation ea tekanyo le sebopeho sa biofilm.

Phetoho ea Bokaholimo ba Membrane
Tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao ea ho hlomathisa holim'a metsi (mohlala, polyacrylic acid, grapheneoxide coatings) e hlahisitse lesela le nang le libaka tse boreleli, tse nang le hydrophilic, le tse nang le lisebelisoa tse mpe, tse matlafatsang ho hanyetsa le ho boloka metsi.

Lithuto Tsa Litaba

• Ho tlosoa letsoai ka metsi a Brackish Tunisia: Semela se felletseng se bonts'a ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea nako e telele e hloekisang nako le nako; sebopeho se silafetseng se senotse likarolo tse tsoakiloeng tsa organic-inorganic tse hlokang mekhoa e hlophisitsoeng ea ho hloekisa.
• Sepetlele sa WWTP sa Ts'ebetso ea Metsila: Li-membrane tsa Polyamide RO li fokolitse TDS ho tloha ~ 1 500 mg/L ho ea ho 90%, empa phallo ea phallo e fokotsehile ka 25 % matsatsing a 30 ntle le phekolo e tsoetseng pele le maemo a matla a khatello.

Liqeto
Boleng ba metsi a fepa ke ntho e ka sehloohong e laolang ts'ebetso ea membrane ea RO. Metsi a holim'a metsi a batla ho tlosoa ha likarolo tse matla le ho tlosoa ha NOM; mehloli ea brackish e hloka silika le taolo ea boima; pheko ea metsi a leoatle e tlameha ho leka-lekanya ts'ebetso ea khatello e phahameng le taolo ea sekhahla; metsi a litšila a hloka ho hloekisoa pele ho nako le ho hloekisoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. Lintlafatso tsa lisebelisoa tsa membrane, mekhoa ea ho ala pele, le ho lekola ho silafatsa ka nako ea nnete li ntse li tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba RO le ts'ebetso ho litšoaneleho tse fapaneng tsa metsi. Ts'ebeliso e sa fetoheng ea maano ana e netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea RO, nako e telele ea bophelo ba membrane, le tlhahiso e tšepahalang ea permeate ea boleng bo holimo.