Impamvu nigisubizo cyo gufunga ibintu bya osmose reaction

1. 3 Ibimenyetso byo Kuburira Osmose Yinyuma Yahagaritswe.

• Umusaruro wagabanutseho hejuru ya 10% ugereranije nagaciro kambere, kandi igitutu cyiyongereye cyane.
• Igipimo cyo kuvanamo amazi cyaragabanutseho 5%, hamwe n’ibintu byose byashonze (TDS) by’amazi yatanzwe byazamutse cyane.
• Iyo itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa module ya module irenze 0.07 MPa, urusaku rukora ruba rwinshi.

2. 3 Ubwoko Bwanduye.

• Umwanda udasanzwe (cyane)
• Impamvu: Iyunguru ya Kalisiyumu na magnesium, karubone, sulfate, fer na manganese ion, nibindi biboneka mububiko bwamazi mbisi hejuru ya membrane nkubunini (nka calcium karubone na sulfate ya barium), cyane cyane iyo igipimo cyo gukira kiri hejuru cyane kandi ubushyuhe bwamazi buratandukanye cyane, ibi bintu bikunze kubaho.
• Ibimenyetso bisanzwe: Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa module ya membrane irazamuka vuba, ubwinshi bwamazi yumusaruro bugabanuka buhoro, kandi ingaruka zigaragara nyuma yo koza hamwe na aside hydrochloric.
• Ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago byinshi: Gutunganya amazi yubutaka, sisitemu yamazi akomeye.
• Umwanda kama
• Impamvu: Ibintu kama nka acide humic, tannin, amavuta, hamwe na surfactants mumazi mbisi bifata hejuru ya membrane, bigakora umwanda wiziritse ufunga imiyoboro ya pore.
• Ibimenyetso bisanzwe: Ubwiza bwamazi atemba arangirika (TDS yiyongera), kandi ububiko bwumuhondo-umukara cyangwa umukara bifatanye bigaragara hejuru ya membrane. Ibi birashobora gukurwaho neza nyuma yo gukaraba alkaline.
• Ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago byinshi: gutunganya amazi yo hejuru, sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi mabi ya komine.
• Kwanduza ibinyabuzima
• Impamvu: Microorganismes nka bagiteri, ibihumyo, na algae mumazi mbisi bigwira hejuru ya membrane, bigakora biofilm. Ibi ntibifunga gusa imyenge ya membrane ahubwo binasohora ibicuruzwa bya metabolike byangiza ibice.
• Ibimenyetso bisanzwe: Module ya membrane isohora impumuro idashimishije, umusaruro wamazi ugabanuka cyane, kandi hariho mikorobe ikabije. Mu bihe nk'ibi, imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa hamwe no gukora isuku.
• Ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago byinshi: Sisitemu y'amazi mabi adafite ibikoresho byangiza, ibidukikije bitose kandi bidakabije.

3. Intambwe 4 yuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora isuku

• Intambwe ya 1: Mbere yo kuvura - - Kuramo amazi ashaje hanyuma utegure igisubizo cyogusukura
• Funga sisitemu ihindagurika ya osmose, fungura valve isohora amazi yibanze, hanyuma ukureho amazi mbisi asigaye muri module ya membrane.
• Witegure gusukura ikigega cyamazi no gutegura igisubizo cyogusukura mubipimo byagenwe (birasabwa gukoresha amazi ya deionion cyangwa amazi yatoboye kugirango wirinde kwanduza umwanda mushya):
• Igisubizo cyogusukura Alkali: 0.1 - 0.5% hydroxide ya sodium (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% surfactant (nka sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), hamwe na pH igenzurwa kuri 10 - 11;
• Gutoragura igisubizo: 0.5 - 1% acide citric (cyangwa 0.2 - 0.5% aside hydrochloric), hamwe na pH igenzurwa kuri 2 - 3;

• Intambwe ya 2: Gukaraba Alkali - Kunywa + Kuzenguruka, kugirango ushonga umwanda / ibinyabuzima
• Injiza igisubizo cyateguwe cya alkaline mumazi usukuye, hanyuma uyijugunye muri module ya membrane ukoresheje pompe ya booster (hamwe nigitutu cya ≤ 0.2 MPa) kugirango umenye neza ko ibintu byuzuye byuzuye.
• Funga valve isohoka, kora iminota 30-60 yo gukora isuku. Muri iki gihe, hagarika imashini buri minota 10 kugirango ushire iminota 5 kugirango ubone igisubizo cyogusukura cyinjira mumwanda.
• Umuzenguruko urangiye, fungura valve isohoka hanyuma usibe burundu igisubizo cyogusukura alkaline. Kwoza module ya membrane n'amazi meza inshuro 2-3 kugeza igihe imyanda idafite ifuro cyangwa umunuko.

• Intambwe ya 3: Gukaraba Acide - Kuzenguruka + Kutabogama, gukuraho igipimo kidasanzwe
• I.shyira igisubizo cyateguwe cyo gusukura aside hanyuma ukore isuku ya cyclicale kumuvuduko wa 0.2 MPa muminota 20 kugeza 40. Muri iki gikorwa, hagomba kubaho iminota 10 yo gushira.
• Wibande ku gusukura impera yimbere ya module (agace gafite umunzani wibanze), kandi urashobora kwagura igihe cyo kuzenguruka.
• Nyuma yo gutoragura birangiye, hita kwoza n'amazi meza kugeza igihe pH y'amazi agarutse kuri neutre (6.5 - 7.5). Irinde gusiga ibisigazwa byose bya acide bishobora kwangiza ibintu bya membrane.

• Intambwe ya 4: Nyuma yo gutunganya - Gukoresha indege, kugenzura ingaruka zogusukura
• Tangira sisitemu ya revers ya osmose hanyuma ukore ikizamini cyumuvuduko muke (igitutu 0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Reba ibipimo nkubunini bwamazi yumusaruro nigipimo cya desalination:
• Niba umusaruro w’amazi ugarutse hejuru ya 90% yagaciro kambere kandi igipimo cyo kuryama kigasubira mubisanzwe, byerekana ko inzira yisuku yagenze neza.
• Niba ingaruka zidashimishije, urashobora gusubiramo inzira "gukaraba alkali → gukaraba aside" inshuro imwe. Ntukarenge inshuro 2 (gukaraba cyane bizangiza ubunini bwa pore).
• Nyuma yisaha imwe yo kugerageza, bapima agaciro ka TDS, umuvuduko w umuvuduko nigitutu cyamazi yakozwe, andika amakuru kandi uyagereranye namakuru mbere yo koza. Noneho, shiraho dosiye yo kubungabunga.

Inyandiko z'ingenzi:

• Gukoresha ibisubizo byogusukura birimo chlorine cyangwa okiside (nka 84 yangiza) birabujijwe rwose mugihe cyose, kuko bishobora guhumeka ibintu bya firime
• Mugihe cyo gukora isuku, umuvuduko ntugomba kurenga 0.3MPa, kandi umuvuduko wogutemba ugomba kugenzurwa kuri 50-70% yikigereranyo cyagenwe kugirango wirinde ingaruka zumuvuduko mwinshi kumyenge ya membrane.
• Niba ibinyabuzima byanduye bikabije, birashobora gushirwa muri 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) cyangwa bioside idasanzwe ya osmose membrane biocide muminota 10 mbere yo gukaraba alkaline, hanyuma bigashobora gukorwa isuku buri gihe.

4. 3 Inama zo Kugabanya Guhagarika Membrane

• Shimangira mbere yo gutunganya amazi meza: Shyiramo mbere yo kuyungurura hamwe na karubone ikora kugirango ikureho ibice binini, ibintu kama na chlorine isigaye mumazi mbisi.
• Kugenzura ibipimo bikora: Igipimo cyo gukira kirasabwa kubikwa munsi ya 75%. Buri gihe usukure membrane module (fungura iminota 5 mbere yuko utangira no muminota 10 nyuma yo guhagarika).
• Kubungabunga buri gihe: Isuku rimwe buri mezi 3-6 (ahantu handuye cyane bisaba kozwa rimwe mumezi 1-2). Mugihe kirekire cyo guhagarika, shiramo modules ya membrane mumuti wa 1% sodium bisulfite kugirango wirinde gukura kwa mikorobe.

5. Muri ibi bihe, birasabwa gusimbuza ibintu bya membrane bitaziguye!

• Niba hari kimwe mubihe bikurikira kibaye, byerekana ko ikintu cya membrane cyangiritse ku buryo budasubirwaho kandi isuku ntishobora kugarura. Ni ngombwa kubisimbuza bidatinze:
• Nyuma yo gukora isuku, umusaruro wamazi wakomeje kuba munsi ya 70% yagaciro kambere, kandi igipimo cyumunyu wagabanutseho hejuru ya 10%.
• Ibice bigize membrane byangiritse cyangwa bitemba (byagaragaye hakoreshejwe ibizamini);
• Ibice bya membrane bifite ubuzima bwa serivisi burengeje imyaka 3 (ubuzima busanzwe), ariko imikorere yabo ikomeza kwangirika.