25 ibisubizo bisanzwe byikibazo cya tekinoroji ya osmose membrane (Igice cya 1)
Muri rusange, iyo flux isanzwe igabanutseho 10-15%, cyangwa igipimo cya desalination ya sisitemu kigabanukaho 10-15%, cyangwa igitutu cyibikorwa hamwe n’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’ibice byiyongera 10-15%, sisitemu ya RO igomba gusukurwa. Inshuro yisuku ifitanye isano itaziguye nurwego rwo kwitegura. Iyo SDI15
1.Ni kangahe sisitemu yoguhindura osmose?
Muri rusange, iyo flux isanzwe igabanutseho 10-15%, cyangwa igipimo cya desalination ya sisitemu kigabanukaho 10-15%, cyangwa igitutu cyibikorwa hamwe n’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’ibice byiyongera 10-15%, sisitemu ya RO igomba gusukurwa. Inshuro yisuku ifitanye isano itaziguye nurwego rwo kwitegura. Iyo SDI15
2. SDI ni iki?
Ubuhanga bwiza bwo gusuzuma umwanda wa colloid mu kwinjiza sisitemu ya RO / NF kuri ubu ni ugupima igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’imitsi (SDI) yinjira, kikaba ari ikintu cyingenzi kigomba kugenwa mbere y’igishushanyo cya RO. Mugihe cyo gukora RO / NF, hagomba gufatwa ibipimo bisanzwe (inshuro 2-3 kumunsi kumazi yo hejuru). ASTM D4189-82 yerekana ibipimo byiki kizamini. Amazi yinjira muri sisitemu ya membrane ni uko agaciro ka SDI15 kagomba kuba ≤ 5.Ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kugabanya kwitegura kwa SDI ririmo filtrime ya multimediya, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nibindi.
3.Bishobora guhindura inzira ya osmose cyangwa inzira yo guhana ion ikoreshwa muburyo rusange?
Mubihe byinshi byinjira, gukoresha ion guhana resin cyangwa osmose ihindagurika birashoboka mubuhanga, kandi guhitamo inzira bigomba kugenwa no kugereranya ubukungu. Mubisanzwe, uko umunyu urushijeho kuba mwinshi, niko osmose yubukungu ihindagurika, mugihe umunyu ugabanutse, niko guhana ion ari ubukungu. Bitewe no gukoresha cyane tekinoroji ya osmose, guhuza uburyo bwo guhana osmose + ion yoguhana cyangwa ibyiciro byinshi bihindura osmose cyangwa revers osmose + ubundi buryo bwimbitse bwo kwangiza byahindutse ikoranabuhanga rizwi kandi igisubizo cyogutunganya amazi neza. Niba ukeneye ibindi bisobanuro, nyamuneka ubaze uhagarariye uruganda rukora amazi. Imyaka ingahe ishobora guhindura osmose membrane ibice bisanzwe bikoreshwa? Ubuzima bwa serivisi ya membrane buterwa nuburinganire bwimiti, gutuza kwumubiri wibigize, gukaraba, isoko y'amazi yinjira, kubanza kubivura, gusukura inshuro nyinshi, no kurwego rwimikorere. Ukurikije isesengura ry’ubukungu, ubusanzwe ni imyaka irenga 5.
Imyaka ingahe ishobora guhindura osmose membrane ibice bisanzwe bikoreshwa?
Ubuzima bwa serivisi ya membrane buterwa nuburinganire bwimiti, gutuza kwumubiri wibigize, gukaraba, isoko y'amazi yinjira, kubanza kubivura, gusukura inshuro nyinshi, no kurwego rwimikorere. Ukurikije isesengura ry’ubukungu, ubusanzwe ni imyaka irenga 5.
4.Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya osmose revers na nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration ni tekinoroji yo gutandukanya ibintu biri hagati ya osmose na ultrafiltration. Osmose ihindagurika irashobora gukuraho umuto muto ufite uburemere bwa molekile munsi ya 0.0001, mugihe nanofiltration ishobora gukuraho ibisubizo bifite uburemere bwa molekile hafi 0.001. Nanofiltration ni ubwoko bwumuvuduko ukabije wa osmose, ukoreshwa mugihe ubuziranenge bwamazi yatunganijwe budakabije. Nanofiltration ibereye gutunganya amazi meza n'amazi yo hejuru. Nanofiltration ikwiranye na sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi idasaba umuvuduko mwinshi nka osmose revers, ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukuraho ibice bikomeye, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "koroshya ibibyimba." Sisitemu ya Nanofiltration ifite umuvuduko muke wo gukora no gukoresha ingufu nke ugereranije na sisitemu ihuye na osmose.
5.Ni ubuhe bushobozi bwo gutandukanya tekinoroji ya membrane?
Isubiranamo osmose nubu tekinoroji yukuri yo kuyungurura. Ibinyuranyo bya osmose bigumana molekile zidasanzwe nkumunyu ushonga hamwe nibintu kama bifite uburemere bwa molekile burenga 100. Kurundi ruhande, molekile zamazi zirashobora kunyura mubuntu zinyuze mumyanya ya osmose, kandi igipimo gisanzwe cyo gukuramo umunyu ushonga ni> 95-99%. Umuvuduko wo gukora uri hagati ya 7 bar (100 psi) kumazi meza kugeza kuri 69 bar (1000 psi) kumazi yinyanja. Nanofiltration irashobora gukuraho umwanda mubice 1nm (10A) nibintu kama bifite uburemere bwa molekile burenze 200-400. Igipimo cyo gukuraho ibishishwa byoroshye ni 20-98%. Igipimo cyo kuvanaho imyunyu irimo anion monovalent (nka NaCl cyangwa CaCl2) ni 20-80%, mugihe imyunyu irimo anion ihwanye (nka MgSO4) ifite igipimo cyo gukuraho 90-98%. Ultrafiltration igira ingaruka zo gutandukana kuri macromolecules irenze 100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometero). Umunyu wose ushonga hamwe na molekile ntoya irashobora kunyura muri ultrafiltration membrane, kandi ibintu bishobora gukurwaho birimo colloide, proteyine, mikorobe, hamwe na macromolecular. Uburemere bwa molekuline yo kugumana ibintu byinshi bya ultrafiltration yibice biri hagati ya 1000 na 100000.Igipimo cyo kuvanaho ibice na microfiltration ni micrometero 0.1-1. Mubisanzwe, guhagarikwa gukomeye hamwe nuduce twinshi twa colloide birashobora gufatwa kugirango habeho molekile nini nunyunyu zishonga.