Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zothetsera kutsekeka kwa zinthu zam'mbuyo za osmosis

1. Zizindikiro za 3 Zochenjeza za Reverse Osmosis Membrane blockage.

• Voliyumu yopanga yatsika ndi 10% poyerekeza ndi mtengo woyamba, ndipo kupanikizika kwawonjezeka kwambiri.
• Mlingo wa desalination unatsika ndi 5%, ndipo mtengo wamafuta osungunuka (TDS) wamadzi opangidwawo unakwera kwambiri.
• Pamene kusiyana kwamphamvu kwa gawo la nembanemba kumadutsa 0.07 MPa, phokoso la opaleshoni limakulirakulira.

2. 3 Mitundu Yofala Yakuipitsa.

• Kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe (kofala kwambiri)
• Chifukwa: Calcium ndi magnesium ayoni, carbonates, sulfates, chitsulo ndi manganese ayoni, etc. alipo mu yaiwisi madzi yaiwisi pa nembanemba pamwamba monga sikelo (monga calcium carbonate ndi barium sulfate), makamaka pamene mlingo kuchira kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri, chodabwitsa ichi sachedwa kuchitika.
• Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino: Kusiyanasiyana kwa gawo la nembanemba kumakwera mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa madzi opangira kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonekera mukatsuka ndi hydrochloric acid.
• Zochitika zowopsa kwambiri: Kusamalira madzi apansi panthaka, kuuma kwambiri kwa madzi osaphika.
• Kuipitsa kwachilengedwe
• Choyambitsa: Zinthu zakuthupi monga humic acid, tannin, mafuta, ndi zinthu zotuluka m'madzi aiwisi zimamamatira pamwamba pa nembanemba, kupanga dothi lomata lomwe limatsekereza ngalande za pore.
• Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino: Kukoma kwa madzi otayira kumawonongeka (TDS imawonjezeka), ndipo zomata zachikasu-bulauni kapena zakuda zimawonekera pa nembanemba. Izi zitha kuchotsedwa bwino mutatsuka zamchere.
• Zochitika zowopsa kwambiri: kuthira madzi pamtunda, machitidwe ogwiritsiranso ntchito madzi onyansa a tauni.
• Kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe
• Choyambitsa: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga mabakiteriya, mafangasi, ndi ndere m'madzi osaphika zimachulukana pamwamba pa nembanemba, ndikupanga biofilm. Izi sizimangotseka ma pores a nembanemba komanso zimatulutsa zinthu za metabolic zomwe zimawononga zigawo za nembanemba.
• Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino: Gawo la nembanemba limatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa, kuchuluka kwa madzi opangira madzi kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo pamakhala tizilombo tambirimbiri. Zikatero, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuyeretsa.
• Zochitika pachiwopsezo chachikulu: Makina amadzi aiwisi opanda zida zophera tizilombo, malo onyowa komanso osawoneka bwino.

3. 4-masitepe muyezo kuyeretsa njira

• Khwerero 1: Kuchiza —— Kukhetsa madzi akale ndikukonzekera njira yoyeretsera
• Tsekani reverse osmosis system, tsegulani valavu yotulutsa madzi okhazikika, ndikukhetsa madzi otsala otsala kuchokera ku membrane module.
• Konzekerani kuyeretsa thanki lamadzi ndikukonzekera njira yoyeretsera mu chiŵerengero chokhazikitsidwa (tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osakanizidwa kapena madzi osungunuka kuti musabweretse zonyansa zatsopano):
• Njira yoyeretsera zamchere: 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% surfactant (monga sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), yokhala ndi pH yoyendetsedwa pa 10 - 11;
• Pickling solution: 0.5 - 1% citric acid (kapena 0.2 - 0.5% hydrochloric acid), ndi pH mtengo wolamulidwa pa 2 - 3;

• Khwerero 2: Kutsuka kwa alkali - Kunyowa + Kuzungulira, kusungunula kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe
• Lowetsani njira yoyeretsera ya alkaline mu thanki yamadzi oyeretsera, ndikuyipopera mu gawo la nembanemba kudzera papampu yolimbikitsira (ndi mphamvu ya ≤ 0.2 MPa) kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu za nembanemba zamira kwathunthu.
• Tsekani valavu yotulutsa, chitani kuyeretsa kwa mphindi 30-60. Panthawiyi, imitsani makina mphindi 10 zilizonse kwa mphindi 5 kuti zilowerere kuti njira yoyeretsera ilowe mu dothi.
• Kuzungulirako kukatsirizika, tsegulani valavu yotulutsa ndikuchotsani njira yoyeretsera zamchere. Muzimutsuka gawo la nembanemba ndi madzi oyera 2-3 mpaka utsi usakhale ndi thovu kapena fungo.

• Khwerero 3: Kutsuka kwa Acid - Kuzungulira + Neutralization, kuchotsa sikelo ya inorganic
• Inechotsani njira yoyeretsera asidi ndikuyeretsa cyclic mokakamiza ≤ 0.2 MPa kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 40. Panthawi imeneyi, payenera kukhala mphindi 10 zoviika.
• Yang'anani pakuyeretsa kumapeto kwa gawo la membrane (malo omwe ali ndi sikelo yokhazikika), ndipo mutha kukulitsa nthawi yozungulira moyenera.
• Mukamaliza kunyamula, muzimutsuka nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi oyera mpaka pH yamadzi ibwerera osalowerera (6.5 - 7.5). Pewani kusiya zotsalira za asidi zomwe zingawononge nembanemba.

• Khwerero 4: Kukonzekera pambuyo - Kuthamanga kwa woyendetsa, fufuzani zotsatira zoyeretsa
• Yambitsani reverse osmosis system ndikuyesa mayeso otsika (kukakamiza 0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Yang'anani zizindikiro monga kuchuluka kwa madzi opangidwa ndi kutulutsa mchere:
• Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi opangira madzi kumabwereranso kupitirira 90% ya mtengo woyamba ndipo mlingo wa desalination umabwerera mwakale, zimasonyeza kuti ntchito yoyeretsa yakhala yopambana.
• Ngati zotsatira zake sizikukhutiritsa, mukhoza kubwereza ndondomeko ya "alkali kutsuka → kuchapa asidi" kamodzi. Musapitirire 2 nthawi (kutsuka kwambiri kuwononga nembanemba pore kukula).
• Pambuyo pa kuyesa kwa ola limodzi, yesani mtengo wa TDS, kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga ndi kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi opangidwa, lembani deta ndikuyiyerekeza ndi deta musanayeretsedwe. Kenako, pangani fayilo yokonza.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeretsera zomwe zili ndi chlorine kapena ma oxidants (monga 84 mankhwala ophera tizilombo) ndizoletsedwa panthawi yonseyi, chifukwa zimatha kutulutsa filimuyo.
• Poyeretsa, kupanikizika sikuyenera kupitirira 0.3MPa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa pa 50-70% ya mlingo wothamanga kuti mupewe kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa ma pores a nembanemba.
• Ngati kuipitsidwa kwachilengedweko kuli koopsa, kumatha kuviikidwa mu 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kapena biocide yapadera ya reverse osmosis membrane kwa mphindi 10 musanatsuke zamchere, kenako kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kumatha kuchitidwa.

4. Malangizo a 3 Ochepetsa Kutsekeka kwa Membrane

• Limbikitsani kumwa madzi osaphika kale: Ikani zosefera zoyamba ndi zosefera za kaboni kuti muchotse tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zinthu zachilengedwe ndi klorini yotsalira m'madzi osaphika.
• Sinthani magawo ogwiritsira ntchito: Mlingo wochira ukulimbikitsidwa kuti ukhale pansi pa 75%. Nthawi zonse muzitsuka ma module a nembanemba (onjezani kwa mphindi 5 musanayambe kuyambitsa komanso kwa mphindi 10 mutatha kuzimitsa).
• Kukonza pafupipafupi: Tsukani kamodzi pakadutsa miyezi 3-6 (malo oipitsidwa kwambiri amafunikira kuyeretsedwa kamodzi pakadutsa miyezi 1-2). Pakutseka kwa nthawi yayitali, mizereni ma module a nembanemba mu 1% sodium bisulfite solution kuti mupewe kukula kwa tizilombo.

5. Muzochitika izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe zinthu za nembanemba mwachindunji!

• Ngati izi zichitika, zikuwonetsa kuti chinthu cha nembanemba chawonongeka kosasinthika ndipo kuyeretsa sikungabwezeretse. M'pofunika kusintha mwamsanga:
• Pambuyo poyeretsa, madzi otulutsa madzi amakhalabe pansi pa 70% ya mtengo woyamba, ndipo mlingo wa desalination unatsika ndi 10%.
• Zigawo za nembanemba zawonongeka kapena kutayikira (zodziwika pakuyesa kukakamiza);
• Zinthu za nembanemba zimakhala ndi moyo wautumiki wopitilira zaka 3 (nthawi yanthawi zonse), koma magwiridwe ake akupitilirabe kuwonongeka.