Njira zotsitsa ndikutsitsa ma membrane a NF amakampani & RO nembanemba zinthu

2025-6-26 Jiangsu HID

Mawu Oyamba

Ukadaulo wa Industrial reverse osmosis (RO) ndi nanofiltration (NF) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchotsa madzi a m'nyanja, kutsuka kwamadzi, njira zama mankhwala, chakudya ndi zakumwa, ndi zina zambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zabwino zolekanitsa. Monga zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo, kutsitsa kolondola ndikutsitsa ndikuyika zinthu za nembanemba sikungokhudzana ndi kulekanitsa, komanso kumakhudza moyo wa nembanemba ndi chuma chantchito.

 

1. Kukonzekera kukweza ndi kutsitsa

- Konzani zinthu zotsatirazi musanalowetse ndi kutsitsa:

Snsapato za mphira za afety, magalasi oteteza, magolovesi a mphira, mafuta a silikoni, pliers, nsalu zoyera, glycerin.

- Yang'anirani masitepe musanatenge ndikutsitsa zinthu:

• Yang'anani mapaipi amadzi

Mosamala fufuzani kumtunda madzi polowera payipi ndi bwino kuchotsa zinthu zachilendo monga fumbi, mafuta, zinyalala zitsulo, etc. Ngati n`koyenera, mankhwala kuyeretsa ndondomeko ayenera kuchitidwa pa payipi madzi polowera ndi n`zosiyana osmosis kuthamanga chotengera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zachilendo kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ya dongosolo.

• Kuyang'anira khalidwe la madzi olowera

Yang'anani mosamalitsa ubwino wa madzi omwe akubwera. Musanayike zinthu zomwe zili mumtsuko wa membrane, onetsetsani kuti madzi oyenerera omwe amathandizidwa ndi pretreatment system amayenda kwa mphindi zosachepera 30, ndikuyesa mtundu wamadzi omwe akubwera a reverse osmosis system kuti muwonetsetse kuti akukumana ndi milingo yolowera m'madzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, onani ngati pali kutayikira mu dongosolo mapaipi.

• Yang'anani mawonekedwe a chotengera chopondera chomaliza

Pochotsa mbale yotsiriza ndi kuponyedwa mphete ya chotengera chopondereza, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mapangidwe a mbale omwe amapangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyana, kotero kuti schematics yofananira iyenera kutchulidwa panthawi ya opaleshoniyo.

• Chotsani bwino chotengera chokakamiza

Tsukani bwino chotengera chotsegulacho kuti muchotse fumbi ndi zinyalala. Ngati kuyeretsa kwina kumafunikanso, pangani mopu waukulu wokwanira kudzaza mkati mwa chotengera choponderezedwa, chilowerereni ndi 50% ya glycerin solution, ndikukokerani mobwerezabwereza mkati mwa chidebecho kangapo mpaka khoma lamkati likhale loyera komanso lopaka mafuta.

• Onani ngati dongosololi likuyenda bwino

Musanayike zigawozo, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mbali zonse ndi mankhwala omwe amafunikira kukhazikitsa ndikuyika makinawo kuti agwire ntchito ali athunthu komanso kuti pretreatment system ikugwira ntchito moyenera.

• Tsimikizirani zosintha musanatulutse

Pokhapokha mutakonzekera kuyambitsa dongosolo nthawi yomweyo, mutha kumasula ndikuyika chinthu cha membrane. Kupanda kutero, chinthu cha membrane chiyenera kusungidwa chosindikizidwa muzolemba zoyambirira.

2. Disassembly wa zigawo zikuluzikulu

Pochotsa chinthu cha membrane mu chotengera chokakamiza, akatswiri awiri ayenera kutsatira izi:

 

• Choyamba, mapaipi akunja kumbali zonse ziwiri za chotengera choponderezedwa ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mbale zomalizira ziyenera kupasuka molingana ndi malangizo operekedwa ndi wopanga. Pa nthawi ya disassembly, zigawo zonse ziyenera kuwerengedwa ndi kuikidwa mwadongosolo.

 

• Kenaka, chotsani misonkhano yomaliza kumapeto kwa chotengera chokakamiza.
  Pomaliza, panthawi ya disassembly, zinthu za nembanemba ziyenera kukankhidwira kunja chimodzi ndi chimodzi kuyambira kumapeto kwa chotengera chamadzi.

 

• Chinthu chimodzi chokha chimaloledwa kukankhidwira kunja panthawi imodzi. Pamene chinthucho chikankhidwira kunja kwa chotengera chokakamiza, chiyenera kugwidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti chiteteze kuwonongeka kwa chinthucho kapena kuvulaza munthu.

3. Ikani zigawo

• Mosamala chotsani chinthu cha nembanemba m'bokosi loyikamo ndikuwona ngati malo ndi momwe mphete yosindikizira ya brine pa chinthucho ndi yolondola (kutsegulira kwa mphete yosindikiza ya brine kuyenera kuyang'anizana ndi njira yolowera madzi.

 

• Kankhirani kumapeto kwa chinthu cha nembanemba popanda mphete yosindikiza ya brine yofanana ndi polowera m'madzi kumapeto kwa chotengera chopondereza mpaka chinthucho chikuwonekera pafupifupi 10 cm kunja kwa chotengera chamadzi. Dziwani kuti chinthucho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kumapeto kwa chotengera chamadzi.

 

• Ikani cholumikizira chamkati cholumikizira pakati pa zigawozo mu chubu chapakati chopanga madzi cha chigawocho. Musanakhazikitse olowa, ikani mafuta pang'ono a silicone opangidwa ndi "O" pa mphete ya "O" ya mgwirizano. Ngati sichoncho, chinyowetsani mwachindunji ndi madzi oyenerera okonzedweratu.

 

• Mosamala chotsani chinthu chachiwiri cha membrane m'bokosi loyikamo. Mofananamo, fufuzani ngati malo ndi momwe mphete yosindikizira ya brine pa chinthucho ndi yolondola. Mosamala gwiritsitsani chinthucho ndikuyika cholumikizira chamkati pa chinthu choyamba mu chitoliro chapakati chopanga madzi. Panthawiyi, cholumikizira chamkati cholumikizira sichingathe kupirira kulemera kwa chinthucho. Kanikizani chinthucho mu chotengera choponderezedwa molingana mpaka chinthu chachiwiri chikuwonekera pafupi 10 cm kunja.

 

• Bwerezani masitepe (3) ndi (4) mpaka zinthu zonse zitayikidwa mu chotengera chokakamiza. Kusamukira ku tcheru mapeto ndi kukhazikitsa chinthu mkati olowa pa madzi kupanga pakati chitoliro cha chinthu choyamba. Kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi chotengera chopondereza kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu za nembanemba zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa muchotengera chimodzi chokakamiza.

4. Yang'anani zinthu musanayambe makina

• Zipangizo zonse, kuphatikizapo mapaipi, zotengera, zida ndi zotuluka m'zigawo za mapampu amadzi, ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri.

 

• Mapaipi onse ndi zida ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukakamizidwa kwa mapangidwe.

 

• Mapaipi ndi zida zonse ziyenera kukwaniritsa mtundu wa H womwe wafotokozedwa pamapangidwe (monga makina oyeretsera)

 

• Zosefera zamitundu yambiri zimatsukidwa ndikutsukidwa, ndipo mtundu wamadzi umayenerera.

 

• Chosefera choyera chatsopano chakhazikitsidwa kumtunda kwa pampu yothamanga kwambiri.

 

• Musanalumikize chotengera chopondereza, chitoliro cholowetsa madzi ndi chitoliro chokwera kwambiri chatsukidwa ndikutsukidwa.

 

• Malo a mankhwala dosing point ndi olondola.

 

• Ma valve oyenerera owunika ndi ma anti-siphon valves amaikidwa pamizere yoperekera mankhwala.

 

• Njira zosakanikirana zoyenerera zimatengedwa mupaipi ya dosing madzi olowera.

 

• Mankhwala ndi ndende yawo mu bokosi lowonjezera la mankhwala ndi zolondola.

 

• Pampu ya dosing metering ikayima, zida zam'mbuyo za osmosis ndi nanofiltration zitha kuzimitsidwa.

 

• Pamene chipangizo cha reverse osmosis ndi nanofiltration chatsekedwa, pampu ya dosing metering ikhoza kutsekedwa.

 

• Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni monga chlorine, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti chlorine yomwe ili m'madzi olowa mu membrane yachotsedwa kwathunthu.

 

• Zida zoyezera zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuwunika kuyambika, reverse osmosis ndi nanofiltration system zakonzedwa kuti ziyikidwe.

 

• Zida zomwe zalembedwa mu dongosololi zimayikidwa ndikugwira ntchito moyenera.

 

• Onetsetsani kuti chidacho chasinthidwa.

 

• Valavu yotetezera chitetezo imayikidwa ndikuyikidwa molondola.

5. Nkhani zapadera ndi zodzitetezera

Pretreatment system zotsalira			Muzimutsuka masitepe			Ikani
Mchenga wa Quartz / activated carbon			Chonde onetsetsani kuti mwasintha mchenga wa quartz ndi activated carbon ndikutsuka bwino. Bwezerani chinthu cha membrane pambuyo pa maola 24 akupanga madzi.			Chigawo cha nembanemba chimayikidwa kuchokera kumbali yolowera m'madzi ya nyumba ya nembanemba, ndipo mbali yopanda mphete yosindikizira yamadzi imakankhidwira m'nyumba ya nembanemba poyamba.
(1) Mafuta omwe amawakonda azinthu zonyowa za membrane ndi glycerol (propylene glycol), yomwe iyenera kukhala yoyera kapena yoyera; (2) Mafuta okhala ndi zosakaniza zosadziwika kapena chiyero chosakwanira angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba ndi kutsekeka, kotero musawagwiritse ntchito; (3) Ngati mulibe glycerin, ingonyowetsani ndi madzi. (4)   * Osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola odzola kapena cationic detergent kuti mafuta zolumikizira mafuta. *
Mtundu wa Membrane		Low pressure flushing nthawi		Nthawi yosamba kwambiri	Flushing pressure (bar)		Kuthamanga kwa madzi (m 3 / h)
Zouma		≥6 maola		Zilowerere kwa 1 usiku. Kupukuta ≥ 2 hours	2-4 bar		4 mainchesi: 0.6-3.0 8 mainchesi: 2.4-12.0
Yonyowa		≥30min		Kupukuta ≥ 2 hours	2-4 bar		4 mainchesi: 0.6-3.0 8 mainchesi: 2.4-12.0
1.	Palibe scale inhibitor yomwe imawonjezedwa panthawi yothamanga kwambiri; madzi onse opangidwa ndi madzi okhazikika panthawi yotsuka ayenera kutayidwa.
2.	Zolemba pa debugging two-level system: Pamene dongosolo la magawo awiri likuyambika kwa nthawi yoyamba, gawo loyamba la RO liyenera kuthamanga mosalekeza kwa maola osachepera a 24 musanayambe madzi opangidwa ndi gawo loyamba angaperekedwe ku dongosolo lachiwiri. Apo ayi, nembanemba ya siteji yachiwiri ikhoza kuipitsidwa ndipo kupanga madzi kungachepe.
3.	Kubwezeretsanso kuyika kwa osmosis ndi kutumiza kuyeneranso kupewa ngozi zanyundo zamadzi ndi kupsinjika kwa msana, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino yotulutsa mpweya komanso zoletsa zoletsa kumbuyo.
Popeza mikhalidwe yogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi malamulo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito angasiyane m’malo ndi nthaŵi, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi udindo wowona ngati zinthu zimene zili m’chikalatachi n’zoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, komanso ngati malo awo antchito ndi mmene amachitira zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi malamulo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi malamulo ena aboma. Kapangidwe kalikonse kotayirira ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumawonedwa ngati kusavomerezeka komanso kusiya kutsimikizira kwabwino. Kuonetsetsa kuti kukwaniritsidwa bwino kwa kukhazikitsa, kutumiza ndi kugwira ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidziwe bwino mfundo zomwe zili pamwambazi.

6. Kuyambitsa kwapadera - kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a RO nembanemba

Pazinthu zatsopano zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, machitidwe awo ayenera kusinthidwa asanakhudzidwe ndi madzi otentha. Njira zenizeni ndi izi:

 

• Pansi pa kupanikizika kochepa komanso kutulutsa madzi otsika, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyenerera oyenerera (panthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa nembanemba, madzi oyenerera oyenerera ayenera kukhala opanda mpweya wotsalira, sikelo ndi kuipitsidwa. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opangidwa ndi RO, ndi madzi opangidwa kale omwe amapangidwa kale angagwiritsidwe ntchito) kuti azitha kutenthetsa chinthu chotentha chotchedwa disinfection membrane element.

 

• Pamalo otsika kwambiri pomwe kusiyana kwamphamvu kwapakati pakati pa madzi olowera ndi membrane ndi madzi opangira zinthu sikupitilira 1.7 bar (25 psi) ndipo kuthamanga kwambiri kwamadzi olowera sikudutsa 3 bar (43.5 psi), madzi ofunda okhala ndi kutentha osapitilira 45 ° C amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

 

• Pitirizani kuyambitsa madzi otentha mu dongosolo mpaka kutentha kufika 80 ° C.

 

• Pamene kutentha kwa madzi kupitirira 45 ° C, kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya transmembrane kumbali zonse za nembanemba kuyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 1.7 bar (25 psi).

 

• Pansi pa kutentha pamwamba, dongosololi limatenthedwa kwa mphindi 60 mpaka 90.

 

• Lolani makina kuti azizizira mwachibadwa mpaka pansi pa 45 ° C.

 

• M'malo otsika kwambiri pomwe kusiyana kwamphamvu pakati pa madzi olowera ndi membrane ndi madzi opangira zinthu sikupitilira 1.7 bar (25 psi) ndipo kuthamanga kwambiri kwamadzi sikudutsa 3 bar (43.5 psi), gwiritsani ntchito madzi olowera oyenerera kuti mutsitse chinthucho.

 

• Munthawi yokhazikitsira nembanemba, madzi oyenerera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito omwe alibe mpweya wotsalira, kukulitsa, kapena kuyipitsa. Madzi opangidwa ndi RO amakondedwa, koma madzi opangidwa kale opangidwa kale omwe adapambana mayeso angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

 

Onetsetsani kuti mukuchita izi pamene chinthu cha nembanemba chazizira mpaka pansi pa 45°C.