Zifukwa ndi Mayankho a Kuwonongeka kwa Membrane ya Reverse Osmosis

1. Zifukwa Zazikulu za RO Membrane Fouling

Kutengera ndi zinthu zonyansa, RO membrane fouling imagawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• Kukulitsa Zinthu Zosapangidwa ndi Zachilengedwe (Kuwononga Mankhwala): Pa nthawi ya kuchuluka kwa RO, mchere wosungunuka pang'ono monga calcium, magnesium, carbonates, sulfates, ndi silicates m'madzi odyetsera umapitirira malire ake osungunuka. Umauma ndi kukhazikika pamwamba pa nembanemba, ndikupanga gawo lolimba.
• Kuchotsa Zonyansa Zachilengedwe ndi Colloidal (Kuchotsa Zonyansa Zoopsa): Zinthu zachilengedwe (monga humic acid), mafuta, ma surfactants, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitinachotsedwe bwino komanso ma colloid omwe ali m'madzi odyetsera amamatira pamwamba pa nembanemba. Izi zimapanga gawo loipa lomwe silimangotseka ma pores a nembanemba komanso limayamwa zinthu zina zonyansa.
• Kuipitsa kwa Zamoyo (Kuipitsa Kobereka): Ngati kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi a m'nyanja sikukwanira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya, bowa, ndi algae timachulukana mofulumira pamwamba pa nembanemba. Timapanga biofilm yolimba ndipo timatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwononga zinthu za nembanemba.
• Kuchotsa Tinthu Timene Tili ndi ... Tinthu tolimba tomwe timapachikidwa m'madzi monga mchenga ndi dzimbiri m'madzi odyetsera nthawi zambiri timalowa m'dongosolo chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino kapena kulephera. Timayikidwa pamwamba pa nembanemba kapena pamalo olumikizirana a malo odyetsera.

2. Momwe Mungadziwire Ngati Kuyeretsa Kukufunika

Kuyeretsa nthawi zambiri kumafunika ngati dongosololi lili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kuchepa kwa Kuyenda kwa Madzi: Kuyenda bwino kwa madzi olowa m'madzi kumatsika ndi 10% ~ 15% poyerekeza ndi chiyambi choyambirira.
• Kutsika Kwambiri kwa Kupanikizika: Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi pakati pa magawo kumawonjezeka kwambiri (monga kupitirira 15%, kapena kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi pa gawo loyamba kumapitirira 0.25 MPa).
• Kuchepa kwa Kukana Mchere: Ubwino wa madzi olowa m'madzi umachepa, ndipo njira yabwinobwino ya mchere imawonjezeka ndi 10% ~ 15%.

3. Mayankho ndi Ma Protocol Oyeretsa

Njira yofunikira yothetsera vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa membrane ndi Malo Oyera (CIP), zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa thupi komanso mankhwala.

Kuyeretsa Thupi

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochotsa zinthu zonyansa zotayirira pamwamba pa nembanemba (monga kuipitsa pang'ono). Zimaphatikizapo kutsuka ndi madzi oyera otsika komanso othamanga kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya hydraulic shear kuti atsuke zinthu zonyansazo. Kuyeretsa kosakanikirana ndi madzi oyenda ndi mpweya kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti kuwonjezere zotsatira zake.

Kuyeretsa Mankhwala

Mankhwala oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa kuti aziyenda bwino komanso kunyowetsa kutengera mtundu wa kuipitsidwa:

• Pa Kukulitsa Zinthu Zosapangidwa ndi Zachilengedwe: Gwiritsani ntchito zotsukira za asidi (monga, 0.2% ~ 1% citric acid kapena hydrochloric acid, pH yolamulidwa pa 2-3) kuti isungunuke bwino ma carbonates ndi ma oxide achitsulo.
• Za Zachilengedwe, Colloids, ndi Biological Fouling: Gwiritsani ntchito zotsukira zamchere (monga, 0.1% ~ 0.5% sodium hydroxide pamodzi ndi ma surfactants kapena EDTA, pH yolamulidwa pa 10-12) kuti isungunuke dothi lokhuthala ndikuchotsa biofilms.
• Pa Kuchotsa Zosakaniza Zosakaniza: Kuyeretsa kwa alkaline nthawi zambiri kumachitika poyamba kuchotsa zinthu zonyansa zachilengedwe/zachilengedwe, kenako kutsuka kwa acidic kuti muchotse mamba osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.

Njira Yoyeretsera Yokhazikika

1. Sambitsani kale: Tsekani makinawo ndipo thirani madziwo pa mphamvu yochepa ndi RO kuti mutulutse madzi otsala kuchokera ku ma module a nembanemba.
2. Kukonzekera ndi Kufalitsa Mayankho: Konzani yankho loyeretsera pa chiŵerengero chomwe chatchulidwa. Ipompeni mu dongosolo pa mphamvu yotsika (nthawi zambiri ≤0.2~0.3 MPa) ndi theka la mlingo wabwinobwino wa kuyeretsa. Limbitsani kwa mphindi 30-60.
3. Kunyowetsa: Siyani kuyenda kwa magazi ndipo lolani kuti mankhwala oyeretsera alowe mkati mwa nembanemba kwa kanthawi (monga, zungulirani kwa mphindi 10, kenako siyani ndi kulowa kwa mphindi 5) kuti mankhwalawo alowe mokwanira mu gawo loyipa.
4. Mukatsuka: Tsukani madzi oyeretsera ndi kutsuka bwino makinawo ndi madzi otuluka mpaka pH ya madzi otuluka itakhala yopanda thovu kapena fungo.
5. Kutsimikizira Kuchita Bwino: Yambitsaninso makina kuti muyesedwe ndi mphamvu yochepa kuti muwone ngati madzi olowa m'madzi ndi kukana kwa mchere kwabwerera kufika pa 90% ya mphamvu zoyambirira.

4. Malangizo Oletsa ndi Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse

• Konzani Chithandizo Cham'tsogolo: Konzani njira zochizira musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala monga kutsekeka, kusefa, ndi kufewetsa kuti madzi odyetsera asakhale ndi vuto lililonse. Silt Density Index (SDI) ili
• Kutsuka thupi nthawi zonse: Ngati zinthu zilola, tsukani madziwo ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso yothamanga kwambiri tsiku lililonse. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuposa kudikira kuti dothi liume musanatsuke mankhwala.
• Mlingo Woyenera wa Mankhwala: Perekani mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala oletsa kufalikira kwa matenda, mankhwala ofalitsira, ndi mankhwala apadera ophera tizilombo kutengera ubwino wa madzi odyetsera kuti muchepetse kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Ntchito Yokhazikika: Pewani kudzaza makina kwambiri. Nthawi zonse tsukani makina musanatseke kuti zinthu zonyansa zisaime pamwamba pa nembanemba.

⚠️ Kusamalitsa: Musagwiritse ntchito mosasamala kuchuluka kwa asidi amphamvu kapena alkali, kapena kuonjezera nthawi yoyeretsa, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha kwa gawo logwira ntchito la nembanemba. Ngati kuyeretsa pa intaneti sikukugwira ntchito bwino kapena kuipitsidwa kwambiri, ganizirani kuchotsa zinthu za nembanemba kuti muziyeretsere pa intaneti kapena kuzisintha zonse.