25 mayankho wamba a reverse osmosis membrane technology vuto (Gawo 1)
Nthawi zambiri, kusinthasintha kokhazikika kumatsika ndi 10-15%, kapena kutsitsa madzi m'dongosolo kumatsika ndi 10-15%, kapena kukakamiza kwa ntchito ndi kusiyana kwapakati pazigawo kumawonjezeka ndi 10-15%, dongosolo la RO liyenera kutsukidwa. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa pretreatment system. Pamene SDI15
1.Kodi dongosolo la reverse osmosis liyenera kuyeretsedwa kangati?
Nthawi zambiri, kusinthasintha kokhazikika kumatsika ndi 10-15%, kapena kutsitsa madzi m'dongosolo kumatsika ndi 10-15%, kapena kukakamiza kwa ntchito ndi kusiyana kwapakati pazigawo kumawonjezeka ndi 10-15%, dongosolo la RO liyenera kutsukidwa. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa pretreatment system. Pamene SDI15
2.Kodi SDI ndi chiyani?
Njira yabwino kwambiri yowunikira kuwonongeka kwa colloid pakulowa kwa machitidwe a RO/NF pakali pano ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa sedimentation density index (SDI) ya kulowa, yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe liyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanapange RO. Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya RO / NF, miyeso yokhazikika iyenera kutengedwa (2-3 pa tsiku pamadzi apamtunda). ASTM D4189-82 imatchula muyeso wa mayesowa. Kufunika kwa madzi olowa m'kati mwa dongosolo la membrane ndiloti mtengo wa SDI15 uyenera kukhala ≤ 5. Njira zamakono zochepetsera zowonongeka za SDI zimaphatikizapo zosefera za multimedia, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, ndi zina. Kuwonjezera dielectric ya polymeric musanayambe kusefedwa nthawi zina kumapangitsanso kusefera kwakuthupi komwe tatchula kale ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa SDI.
3.Kodi njira yosinthira osmosis kapena njira yosinthira ion igwiritsidwe ntchito pakulowa wamba?
Pazifukwa zambiri zolowera, kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wosinthanitsa ndi ma ion kapena reverse osmosis ndizotheka mwaukadaulo, ndipo kusankha njira kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyerekeza kwachuma. Nthawi zambiri, mchere ukakhala wochuluka, m'pamenenso amatsika kwambiri mchere, pamene mcherewo umakhala wotsika kwambiri, kusinthanitsa kwa ayoni kumachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ukadaulo wa reverse osmosis, kuphatikiza kwa reverse osmosis +ion exchange process kapena multi-stage reverse osmosis kapena reverse osmosis + matekinoloje ena akuya ochotsa mchere wasanduka ukadaulo wodziwika komanso njira yabwino yothetsera madzi. Ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa kowonjezereka, chonde funsani woimira kampani ya engineering yoyeretsa madzi. Ndi zaka zingati zomwe zigawo za membrane za osmosis zingagwiritsidwe ntchito? Moyo wautumiki wa nembanemba umadalira kukhazikika kwake kwamankhwala, kukhazikika kwazinthu, kusasunthika, gwero lamadzi olowera, kusamalidwa kale, kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, komanso magwiridwe antchito. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwachuma, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zoposa 5.
Ndi zaka zingati zomwe zigawo za membrane za osmosis zingagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Moyo wautumiki wa nembanemba umadalira kukhazikika kwake kwamankhwala, kukhazikika kwazinthu, kusasunthika, gwero lamadzi olowera, kusamalidwa kale, kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, komanso magwiridwe antchito. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwachuma, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zoposa 5.
4.Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa reverse osmosis ndi nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration ndi nembanemba madzi kulekana teknoloji yomwe ili pakati pa reverse osmosis ndi ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis imatha kuchotsa solute yaying'ono kwambiri yokhala ndi mamolekyu olemera osakwana 0.0001 ma micrometer, pomwe nanofiltration imatha kuchotsa ma solutes okhala ndi molekyulu yolemera pafupifupi ma 0.001 ma micrometer. Nanofiltration kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa low-pressure reverse osmosis, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe madzi oyeretsedwa sakhala okhwima kwambiri. Nanofiltration ndi yoyenera kuchiza madzi abwino komanso madzi apamtunda. Nanofiltration ndi yoyenera kwa machitidwe ochizira madzi omwe safuna kuchuluka kwa mchere monga reverse osmosis, koma kukhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochotsa zigawo zowuma, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa "zofewa." Makina a nanofiltration ali ndi mphamvu yocheperako yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuposa machitidwe awo ofananirako osmosis.
5.Kodi luso lolekanitsa laukadaulo wa nembanemba ndi chiyani?
Reverse osmosis pakali pano ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yosefera madzi. Reverse osmosis nembanemba kusunga mamolekyu monga sungunuka mchere ndi organic zinthu ndi molecular kulemera kuposa 100. Komano, madzi mamolekyu momasuka kudutsa n'zosiyana osmosis nembanemba, ndi mmene kuchotsa mlingo wa sungunuka mchere ndi> 95-99%. Kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumayambira pa 7 bar (100 psi) pamadzi a brackish mpaka 69 bar (1000 psi) pamadzi a m'nyanja. Nanofiltration amatha kuchotsa zonyansa mu particles pa 1nm (10A) ndi organic kanthu ndi molecular kulemera kuposa 200-400. Kuchotsa kwa zolimba zosungunuka ndi 20-98%. Mlingo wochotsa mchere wokhala ndi anions monovalent (monga NaCl kapena CaCl2) ndi 20-80%, pomwe mchere wokhala ndi divalent anions (monga MgSO4) uli ndi kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa 90-98%. Ultrafiltration ali ndi kulekana kwenikweni pa macromolecules zazikulu kuposa 100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometers). Mchere onse osungunuka ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kudutsa muzitsulo za ultrafiltration, ndipo zinthu zomwe zingathe kuchotsedwa zimaphatikizapo colloids, mapuloteni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi macromolecular organic matter. The posungira maselo kulemera kwa ultrafiltration nembanemba ranges kuchokera 1000 kuti 100000. osiyanasiyana tinthu kuchotsa ndi microfiltration ndi za 0.1-1 micrometers. Nthawi zambiri, zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kupanga mamolekyulu akulu ndi mchere wosungunuka.