Ihe ngwọta 25 na-emekarị nke nsogbu teknụzụ osmosis akpụkpọ anụ (akụkụ 1)

2024-06-21

N'ozuzu, mgbe mgbanwe ọkọlọtọ na-ebelata site na 10-15%, ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke usoro ahụ na-ebelata site na 10-15%, ma ọ bụ nrụgide ọrụ na nrụgide nke akụkụ dị iche iche na-abawanye site na 10-15%, a ga-ehichapụ usoro RO. Ugboro ihicha na-emetụta kpọmkwem na ogo nke usoro nhazi usoro. Mgbe SDI15

1. Ugboro ole ka a ga-ehichapụ usoro osmosis nke azụ?

2.Gịnị bụ SDI?

Usoro kachasị mma maka nyochaa mmetọ colloid na ntinye nke usoro RO / NF bụ ugbu a iji tụọ sedimentation density index (SDI) nke ntinye, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ga-ekpebi tupu imewe RO. N'oge ọrụ RO / NF, a ga-emerịrị nha mgbe niile (ugboro 2-3 kwa ụbọchị maka mmiri dị elu). ASTM D4189-82 na-akọwapụta ụkpụrụ maka ule a. Ihe ntinye mmiri chọrọ maka sistemu akpụkpọ ahụ bụ na uru SDI15 ga-abụrịrị ≤ 5. Teknụzụ dị irè maka ibelata pretreatment SDI gụnyere multimedia nzacha, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, wdg. Ịgbakwunye polymeric dielectric tupu filtration nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ welie ahụ e kwuru n'elu nzacha anụ ahụ ma belata uru SDI.

3. Kwesịrị iji gbanwee usoro osmosis ma ọ bụ usoro mgbanwe ion maka ntinye n'ozuzu?

N'okpuru ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ntinye, iji resin mgbanwe ion ma ọ bụ reverse osmosis bụ nke a ga-ekwe omume na teknụzụ, na nhọrọ nke usoro kwesịrị ikpebi site na ntụnyere akụ na ụba. N'ozuzu, ka nnu dị elu dị elu, otú ahụ ka osmosis na-esiwanye ike, ebe nnu na-ebelata, mgbanwe ion na-abawanye ụba. N'ihi ojiji a na-ejikarị teknụzụ reverse osmosis, nchikota nke usoro mgbanwe mgbanwe osmosis + ion ma ọ bụ osmosis multi-stage reverse osmosis ma ọ bụ ntụgharị osmosis + teknụzụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmiri dị omimi aghọwo teknụzụ a ma ama na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ nghọta ọzọ, biko kpọtụrụ onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ injinịa mmiri mmiri. Afọ ole ka enwere ike iji ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis mee ihe? Ndụ ọrụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-adabere na nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ ya, nkwụsi ike nke ihe mejupụtara ya, ịdị ọcha, isi iyi mmiri abanye, ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ, ugboro ihicha, yana ọkwa njikwa ọrụ. Dị ka nyocha akụ na ụba si kwuo, ọ na-abụkarị ihe karịrị afọ 5.

Afọ ole ka enwere ike iji ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis mee ihe?

Ndụ ọrụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-adabere na nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ ya, nkwụsi ike nke ihe mejupụtara ya, ịdị ọcha, isi iyi mmiri abanye, ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ, ugboro ihicha, yana ọkwa njikwa ọrụ. Dị ka nyocha akụ na ụba si kwuo, ọ na-abụkarị ihe karịrị afọ 5.

4.Gịnị bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti reverse osmosis na nanofiltration?

Nanofiltration bụ teknụzụ nkewa mmiri mmiri dị n'etiti reverse osmosis na ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis nwere ike wepu solute kacha nta nwere ihe dị arọ nke na-erughị 0.0001 micrometers, ebe nanofiltration nwere ike wepu solutes nwere oke ihe omimi nke gburugburu 0.001 micrometers. Nanofiltration bụ n'ezie ụdị ngbanwe osmosis dị ala, nke a na-eji n'ọnọdụ ebe ịdị ọcha nke mmiri a na-edozi adịghị esiri ike. Nanofiltration dabara adaba maka ịgwọ mmiri olulu mmiri na mmiri dị elu. Nanofiltration dabara adaba maka usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri nke na-adịghị achọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke desalination dị ka reverse osmosis, ma nwee ikike dị elu iji wepụ ihe ndị siri ike, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ "membran nro." Sistemụ Nanofiltration nwere nrụgide arụ ọrụ dị ala yana oriri ike dị ala karịa sistemụ osmosis ha kwekọrọ.

5.What bụ ike nkewa nke akpụkpọ anụ technology?

Reverse osmosis ugbu a bụ teknụzụ nzacha mmiri kachasị mma. Reverse osmosis membranes na-ejigide ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị ka salts soluble na organic bekee nwere ibu molekụla karịrị 100. N'aka nke ọzọ, ụmụ irighiri mmiri nwere ike ịgafe n'enweghị ihe mgbochi osmosis membranes, na ụdị mwepụ nke nnu soluble bụ>95-99%. Nrụgide arụ ọrụ sitere na mmanya 7 (100 psi) maka mmiri brackish ruo 69 mmanya (1000 psi) maka mmiri oke osimiri. Nanofiltration nwere ike wepu adịghị ọcha na irighiri ihe dị na 1nm (10A) yana ihe ndị nwere ihe dị arọ karịa 200-400. Mwepụ nke ihe siri ike soluble bụ 20-98%. Ọnụego mwepụ nke salts nwere monovalent anions (dị ka NaCl ma ọ bụ CaCl2) bụ 20-80%, ebe nnu nwere divalent anions (dị ka MgSO4) nwere ọnụego mwepụ dị elu nke 90-98%. Ultrafiltration nwere mmetụta nkewa na macromolecules buru ibu karịa 100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometers). Nnụnụ niile soluble na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ike ịgafe site na akpụkpọ anụ ultrafiltration, na ihe ndị nwere ike iwepụ gụnyere colloid, protein, microorganisms, na macromolecular organic matter. Arọ molekụla njide nke ọtụtụ membranes ultrafiltration sitere na 1000 ruo 100000. Oke mwepụ nke urughuru site na microfiltration bụ ihe dịka 0.1-1 micrometers. N'ozuzu, a na-egbochi ihe ndị siri ike kwụsịtụrụ na nnukwu urughuru colloid ka ha mepụta nnukwu ụmụ irighiri ihe na nnu soluble.