Dalilai da mafita don toshe abubuwa na osmosis na baya

1. Alamomin Gargaɗi 3 na Reverse Osmosis Toshe Membrane.

• Ƙarfin samarwa ya ragu da fiye da 10% idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar farko, kuma matsa lamba ya karu sosai.
• Matsakaicin rage gishiri ya ragu da kashi 5%, kuma jimillar narkar da daskararru (TDS) na ruwan da aka samar ya tashi sosai.
• Lokacin da bambancin matsa lamba na membrane module ya wuce 0.07 MPa, sautin aiki yana ƙara ƙarfi.

2. 3 Nau'o'in Gurɓata Jama'a.

• Inorganic gurbatawa (mafi na kowa)
• Dalili: Calcium da magnesium ions, carbonates, sulfates, iron da manganese ions, da dai sauransu suna samuwa a cikin dattin ruwa a kan jikin membrane kamar ma'auni (irin su calcium carbonate da barium sulfate), musamman ma lokacin da adadin farfadowa ya yi yawa kuma yanayin ruwa ya bambanta sosai, wannan al'amari yana da wuyar faruwa.
• Alamomi na yau da kullun: Bambancin matsin lamba na ƙirar membrane yana tashi da sauri, yawan ruwan samarwa yana raguwa sannu a hankali, kuma tasirin yana bayyane bayan tsaftacewa tare da acid hydrochloric.
• Halin haɗari mai girma: Maganin ruwa na ƙasa, tsarin ruwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
• Gurbacewar halitta
• Dalili: Abubuwan halitta irin su humic acid, tannin, mai, da abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin danyen ruwa suna manne da farfajiyar membrane, suna samar da datti mai ɗanɗano wanda ke toshe tashoshi na pore membrane.
• Alamomi na yau da kullun: Ingancin ruwan da ake zubarwa yana raguwa (TDS yana ƙaruwa), kuma ɗigon rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata suna bayyana akan saman membrane. Ana iya cire waɗannan da kyau bayan wanke alkaline.
• Abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗari mai girma: kula da ruwan saman, tsarin sake amfani da ruwan sharar gida na birni.
• Gurbacewar halittu
• Dalili: Kwayoyin halitta irin su kwayoyin cuta, fungi, da algae a cikin danyen ruwa suna ninka a saman membrane, suna samar da biofilm. Wannan ba wai kawai toshe ramukan membrane bane amma har ma yana ɓoye samfuran rayuwa waɗanda ke lalata sassan membrane.
• Alamomi na yau da kullun: Tsarin membrane yana fitar da wari mara daɗi, ƙarar samar da ruwa yana raguwa sosai, kuma akwai adadin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ya kamata a yi amfani da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta tare da tsaftacewa.
• Yanayin haɗari mai girma: Tsarin ruwa mai ƙarfi ba tare da na'urori masu kashe kwayoyin cuta ba, daskararru da yanayin aiki mara nauyi.

3. 4-mataki daidaitaccen hanyar tsaftacewa

• Mataki na 1: Kafin magani —— Matsa tsohon ruwa kuma shirya maganin tsaftacewa
• Kashe tsarin osmosis na baya, buɗe bawul ɗin fitar da ruwa don tattara ruwa, kuma gabaɗaya sauran danyen ruwan da ya rage daga ma'aunin membrane gaba ɗaya.
• Shirya don tsaftace tanki na ruwa kuma shirya maganin tsaftacewa a cikin rabon da aka tsara (an bada shawarar yin amfani da ruwa mai tsabta ko ruwa mai tsabta don kauce wa gabatar da sababbin ƙazanta):
• Maganin tsaftacewar Alkali: 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% surfactant (irin su sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), tare da darajar pH da aka sarrafa a 10 - 11;
• Maganin pickling: 0.5 - 1% citric acid (ko 0.2 - 0.5% hydrochloric acid), tare da ƙimar pH da aka sarrafa a 2 - 3;

• Mataki na 2: Wankan Alkaki - Jiƙa + kewayawa, don narkar da gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta/na halitta
• Yi allurar maganin tsaftacewar alkaline da aka shirya a cikin tankin ruwa mai tsaftacewa, sannan a zuga shi a cikin ma'aunin membrane ta hanyar famfo mai haɓaka (tare da matsa lamba na ≤ 0.2 MPa) don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan membrane sun nutse sosai.
• Rufe bawul ɗin fitarwa, yi zagaye na 30-60 na tsaftacewa. A wannan lokacin, dakatar da injin kowane minti 10 don jiƙa na minti 5 don ba da damar maganin tsaftacewa ya shiga cikin ƙazanta.
• Bayan an gama sake zagayowar, buɗe bawul ɗin fitarwa kuma gabaɗaya cikakkiyar maganin tsaftacewar alkaline. Kurkura samfurin membrane tare da ruwa mai tsabta sau 2-3 har sai datti ba shi da kumfa ko wari.

• Mataki na 3: Wanke Acid - Zazzagewa + Neutralization, don cire sikelin inorganic
• Izubar da maganin tsabtace acid da aka shirya kuma yi tsaftacewar keke a matsi na ≤ 0.2 MPa na mintuna 20 zuwa 40. Yayin wannan tsari, yakamata a sami tazara ta jiƙa ta mintuna 10.
• Mayar da hankali kan tsaftace ƙarshen mashigai na samfurin membrane (yankin tare da ma'auni mai mahimmanci), kuma kuna iya tsawaita lokacin kewayawa daidai.
• Bayan an gama aikin pickling, nan da nan kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta har sai ƙimar pH na ruwan ya dawo tsaka tsaki (6.5 - 7.5). Guji barin duk wani ragowar acid wanda zai iya lalata abubuwan membrane.

• Mataki na 4: Bayan aiwatarwa - Gudun matukin jirgi, duba tasirin tsaftacewa
• Fara tsarin jujjuyawar osmosis kuma gudanar da gwajin ƙarancin matsa lamba (matsi 0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Kula da alamomi kamar samar da ƙarar ruwa da yawan raguwa:
• Idan yawan samar da ruwa ya koma fiye da 90% na ƙimar farko kuma adadin raguwa ya koma al'ada, yana nuna cewa tsarin tsaftacewa ya yi nasara.
• Idan tasirin bai gamsar ba, zaku iya maimaita tsarin "wanke alkali → wanke acid" sau ɗaya. Kada ku wuce sau 2 (wanke da yawa zai lalata girman rami na membrane).
• Bayan gwajin gwaji na awa ɗaya, auna ƙimar TDS, ƙimar kwarara da bambancin matsa lamba na ruwan da aka samar, rikodin bayanai kuma kwatanta shi da bayanan kafin tsaftacewa. Sannan, kafa fayil ɗin kulawa.

Babban bayanin kula:

• Yin amfani da hanyoyin tsaftacewa da ke ɗauke da chlorine ko oxidants (kamar 84 disinfectant) an haramta shi sosai a duk lokacin aiwatarwa, saboda suna iya lalata abubuwan fim ɗin.
• Lokacin tsaftacewa, matsa lamba bai kamata ya wuce 0.3MPa ba, kuma ya kamata a sarrafa yawan zafin jiki a 50-70% na ƙimar da aka ƙididdigewa don kauce wa tasiri mai girma akan ramukan membrane.
• Idan gurɓataccen ilimin halitta ya yi tsanani, ana iya jiƙa shi a cikin 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ko na musamman reverse osmosis membrane biocide na minti 10 kafin wanke alkaline, sa'an nan kuma za'a iya yin tsaftacewa akai-akai.

4. Hanyoyi 3 don Rage Toshewar Membrane

• Ƙarfafa kafin maganin danyen ruwa: Shigar da matattarar riga-kafi da masu tace carbon da aka kunna don cire manyan barbashi, abubuwan halitta da ragowar chlorine daga danyen ruwa.
• Sarrafa sigogin aiki: Ana ba da shawarar ƙimar dawowa ƙasa da kashi 75%. A kai a kai a zubar da samfuran membrane (zuba na mintuna 5 kafin kowane farawa da mintuna 10 bayan rufewa).
• Kulawa na yau da kullun: Tsaftace sau ɗaya kowane watanni 3-6 (yankunan da suka fi ƙazanta suna buƙatar tsaftacewa sau ɗaya kowane watanni 1-2). A lokacin rufewar dogon lokaci, nutsar da samfuran membrane a cikin maganin 1% sodium bisulfite don hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.

5. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin abubuwan membrane kai tsaye!

• Idan kowane ɗayan waɗannan yanayi ya faru, yana nuna cewa ƙwayar membrane ta sami lahani marar lalacewa kuma tsaftacewa ba zai iya dawo da shi ba. Wajibi ne a maye gurbinsa da sauri:
• Bayan tsaftacewa, fitar da ruwa har yanzu ya kasance a ƙasa da kashi 70% na ƙimar farko, kuma adadin raguwa ya ragu da fiye da 10%.
• Abubuwan da ke cikin membrane sun sami lalacewa ko yabo (an gano su ta hanyar gwajin matsa lamba);
• Abubuwan membrane suna da rayuwar sabis fiye da shekaru 3 (tsawon rayuwa na al'ada), amma aikin su yana ci gaba da lalacewa.