Iko Kushanduka kweSeawater RO Membranes
Nyaya yemvura yegungwa RO membranes inotanga muma1960s. Masayendisiti Sidney Loeb naSrinivasa Sourirajan vakagadzira yekutanga RO membrane panguva ino. Basa ravo guru rakagadzira nzira younyanzvi hwokubvisa munyu, zvichiita kuti tishandure mvura yomugungwa kuva mvura yakachena. Sezvineiwo, muna 1961, Purezidhendi weUnited States John F. Kennedy akabvumira kubviswa kwemunyu mumvura yomugungwa sechirongwa chenyika, achiziva kukosha kwayo kunharaunda dzine mvura shoma.
Alexander Zarchin, injinjiniya yeIsrael, akagadzira nzira yekupisa yekubvisa salination makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu apfuura. Rakurudzirwa nemuongorori weArctic akawana mvura yekunwa kubva muaizi yakanyunguduka, basa rekuvandudza raZarchin rakagadzira nzira yekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekubvisa munyu. Mutoo wake waisanganisira kuomesa mvura yomugungwa muchiumbu, zvichiita kuti aizi ibvise munyu, obva atora mvura yakachena yaizobuda achiunganidza munyu wacho. Kubva ipapo, desalination yakaramba ichishanduka, ichipa mhinduro yakakosha yekusimudzira mvura pasi rese.
Reverse osmosis inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekubvisa munyu mumvura yegungwa. Zvinosanganisira kumanikidza mvura kuburikidza nekamwe membrane inokwanisa kubvumidza kuti mamorekuru emvura apfuure uchivharira munyu uye tsvina. Mvura yakanatswa inounganidzwa kune rumwe rutivi rwemembrane, ichisiya shure yakanyanyisa brine. RO inoburitsa mvura yakachena zvisinei nekuwanda kwemunyu we feedstock. Inogona kunge ine simba-yakawanda uye inoda zvakakosha zvivakwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kubata tsvina ine chepfu yebrine idambudziko. Mvura yemugungwa uye mvura ine saline yakawanda. Evaporation uye kupomba kunogona kupedza maawa anosvika 80 megawatt pa megalita yemvura inogadzirwa. KuMiddle East, zvidyarwa zvinowanzoshandisa kupisa kwemarara kubva kumagetsi emagetsi ari pedyo uye neoiri yakachipa yekubvisa salination.
Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) inzira yekubvisa munyu inoshandisa hunyanzvi membrane kubvisa munyu netsvina mumvura yegungwa. Aya ma membrane ave achishandiswa mukutengesa kubva kutanga kwema1970. Kusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare dzekubvisa munyu dzinoda kupisa kana shanduko yechikamu, SWRO inovimba nemamembrane, zvichiita kuti ishande nesimba.
Nekukurumidza kusvika kuzuva ranhasi, uye tinowana HID Membrane Co., Ltd. iri pamberi pekugadzira RO membrane. Yakavambwa muna 2008, HID yave mutambi ane mukurumbira muindastiri, mukati meChina nepasi rose.